Central & South America Travelers Recommend

Few places on earth conjure images of adventure and discovery like Machu Picchu. From stunning scenery to indigenous history, this ancient Inca ruin has it all. Whether by trek or by train, here are your options for reaching Machu Picchu from Cusco.

By Train and Bus

Because there’s no formal road to the site, the majority of visitors start their trip with a scenic 3.5–hour train journey that winds alongside the roaring Urubamba River from the town of Poroy near Cusco or Ollantaytambo. You have a number of train options ranging from the simply comfortable to the fabulously luxurious. When the train arrives in the city of Aguas Calientes, the closest access point to the ruins, you can then take a short 20-minute bus ride up to Machu Picchu. Buses run every 15 minutes while the site is open.

On Foot

A visit to Machu Picchu is truly a stunning experience, no matter how you get there. But for those looking to extend their time in and deepen their knowledge of this magical Inca site, a single- or multi-day hike on the Inca Trail is a great option. All Inca Trail hikes to Machu Picchu must be taken with a guide, and a variety of trip itineraries and hike lengths are available. Travelers planning to complete the trek should be in good physical shape and prepared for unpredictable weather conditions.

Guided Tours

The benefit of taking a guided tour to Machu Picchu is that all your transport logistics will be arranged for you in advance. Nearly all guided tours include round-trip train and bus transport to the site, saving you from the hassle of having to confirm your own tickets and the risk of them selling out. For the more adventurous, guided tour options featuring single- or multi-day hikes to Machu Picchu via the Inca Trail are also available.

Chile’s capital city, Santiago, feels a bit like a piece of Europe that has been dropped into South America. With neoclassical architecture, an efficient metro system, and plenty of nearby mountain resorts and wineries, it is also one of South America’s most glamorous and inviting cities. Here’s how to make the most of a three day visit.

Day 1: Explore the City

Get acquainted with Santiago on a sightseeing tour: Take a hop-on hop-off bus to see the city at your own pace, or opt for a guided tour and see all of the city’s main landmarks, such as the Plaza de Armas, La Moneda Palace, and San Cristóbal Hill, with an expert who can give you historic and cultural information. Alternatively, book a walking tour that takes you through the streets of a few different neighborhoods and into food markets; some tours also include lunch at a local restaurant. 

In the afternoon, make time for a visit to La Chascona, Nobel laureate Pablo Neruda’s Santiago home. The museum is located in the bohemian Bellavista district, so stick around afterward and soak up the local nightlife at the area’s bars, clubs, and music venues. If you don’t want to go it alone, opt for a small-group tour that includes drinks and snacks.

Day 2: Head to Wine Tasting or Skiing—or Both

On your second day, experience another side of Chile with a tour of some of the many wineries situated just outside the city. Sample top vintages from some of Chile’s most famous producers while soaking up the views in Chile’s rural countryside. 

If you’re  visiting during ski season (June through August), skip the wineries and hit the slopes. Portillo, one of Chile’s top ski resorts, is just a short trek from Santiago. Book a tour if you want to learn about the history of the mountain and the adventurers and explorers who first climbed the Andes. Ski rentals are available at the resort. Want to make the most out of the day? Join a tour that includes both skiing and wine tasting, and get the best of both experiences. 

Day 3: Head  for the Coast

On your final day, you can head for the coastal cities of Valparaiso and Viña del Mar. In the port city of Valparaiso, explore the rambling hillside streets by foot or funicular and check out the local street art. In the resort town of Viña del Mar, explore the historic buildings, visit the beach, and see the famed flower clock. Full-day guided tours that include both cities generally include round-trip transportation to give you as much time as possible to explore.

Alternatively, spend the last day of your trip taking a tour of Isla Negra. This charming beach-side village—the site of another of Neruda’s three Chilean homes—features eccentric architecture and a museum dedicated to Neruda’s life and works. Tours generally also stop at the village of Pomaire, which is known for fantastic pottery, before taking you back to Santiago where you can spend your last night toasting your trip in the city’s restaurants and bars.

With its colorful houses tumbling down the hillside to the port and its historic center designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Valparaiso is one of the most picturesque towns along Chile’s Pacific Coast. Here are your options for touring Valparaiso from Santiago. 

Group Tours

Full-day tours to Valparaiso are often combined with a visit to coastal cities such as the Garden City of Viña del Mar, a wine tour of the Emiliana vineyards, or a stop at nearby attractions like the ConCón sand dunes. Hotel pickup and round-trip transport is usually included, and some tours also include lunch. For a more personalized experience, choose a small-group tour with limited numbers.

Private Tours

Opting for a private tour means you’ll benefit from the undivided attention of your tour guide and have chance to customize your tour to your preferences. Private tours typically include round-trip transport from your Santiago city hotel and a walking tour of Valparaiso’s historic center, while possible extras include a Valparaiso harbor cruise, wine tasting in the Casablanca Valley, or a horseback riding excursion or surfing lesson on Concon beach.

Things to Know

• Valparaiso is located about 70 miles (115 kilometers) northwest of Santiago on Chile’s Pacific Coast.

• Full-day tours from Santiago typically last between eight and 10 hours and include hotel pickup and round-trip transport.

• Be sure to wear comfortable shoes to navigate Valparaiso’s hilly streets and cobblestones.

Chile is one of the world’s youngest but most prolific wine regions, known for full-bodied reds and bold flavors. Enhance your time in the country’s capital with guided tours to the region’s top wineries, where you can learn about the wine-making process and taste test several varietals. Here are some of the top wineries near Santiago.

Concha y Toro Winery

As one of South America’s largest wine producers, Concha y Toro is perhaps best-known for its award-winning cabernet sauvignon. Combine a visit to Concha y Toro Winery with stops at other wineries in the region, or opt for a cheese-and-wine tour. Whether you have a couple hours or a whole day, there are private and small-group options available.  

Santa Rita Winery

With its scenic location in the foothills of Alto Jahuel, Santa Rita Winery offers a great escape from the city center, though you can also combine a visit with a tour of the Chilean capital. Alternatively, lunch independently at Santa Rita’s on-site restaurant before exploring the vines and cellars on a private guided tour, or make a day of it in the Maipo Valley wine region on a full-day tour, which typically includes lunch, transport, and wine tastings.

Undurraga Winery

The storied history of Undurraga Winery dates back to the 19th century, and the popular vineyard is only a short drive from Santiago. In addition to tasting some of their excellent reds, such as malbec and cabernet sauvignon, learn about the soil and marvel over Mapuche carvings. Opt for a guided tour with round-trip transport or a small-group, half-day excursion.

Cousiño Macul

Cousiño Macul can be reached by Metro and a brief taxi ride from Santiago. The views over the vines with the Santiago skyline in the backdrop are impressive, while the 19th-century winemaking-tool exhibition is informative. You can experience Cousiño Macul alongside several other wineries on a full-day or half-day tour or as part of a weeklong, 2-country excursion.

Matetic Vineyard

Most Santiago-area wineries are found in the Maipo Valley, but the relatively young Matetic Vineyard is located in San Antonio Valley. It’s ideal if you want to see a different part of Chilean wine country, while the distinct climate helps produce elegant but intense wines. Full-day tours offer round-trip transport, or you can make Matetic Vineyard a stop on a wider exploration of the region.

MontGras Winery

Located in the Colchagua Valley, MontGras Winery is another of Chile’s considerably youthful wineries—it was founded by brothers Hernan and Eduardo Gras in 1993—and produces standout syrahs and carménères. Tours offer the opportunity to bottle, label, and take home your own personal bottle or give harvesting a go.

With a Caribbean climate and beautiful colonial architecture, Cartagena attracts travelers seeking sun, sand, and history. With 72 hours, you can explore Unesco World Heritage sites, visit vibrant markets, and venture to nearby islands for some stellar snorkeling. Here are a few ways to spend 3 days in Cartagena.

Day 1: Walled City Walks and Nightlife

Explore the centuries of Cartagena’s history with an introductory city tour. Take a ride on the hop-on, hop-off bus, and stop at attractions like San Felipe de Barajas Castle. Opt for a guided walking tour of the old walled city, and learn about the city architecture and culture while visiting top landmarks, including San Pedro Claver Church, Plaza de Bolivar, and Torre del Reloj. Then head to the mountaintop La Popa Monastery and enjoy a new perspective of the city.

Complete the day with an introduction to local nightlife: Climb aboard a chiva —a colorful bus typical of rural Colombia—for a cruise through the city with live music. Nightlife tours often include admission to a local nightclub.

Day 2: Cook, Bike, or Skydive

Get to know Cartagena’s local culture with a cooking class that includes a market tour. You’ll join a local guide for a wander through the bustling Bazurto Market and pick up local ingredients for a cooking workshop before heading into the kitchen to learn the secrets behind traditional Colombian dishes. After the lesson, enjoy a feast of dishes you’ve prepared yourself. Alternatively if you’re looking for thrills, book a tandem skydive to see the coastline from above.

In the afternoon, sign up for an art-focused tour. A guided stroll through the Getsemani neighborhood includes visits to galleries showcasing local work and contemporary artists’ studios. Or, for a little exercise, follow a guide on a bike tour of the city.

Day 3: Escape to the Islands

On your third day, head out on a day trip and explore the pristine islands off of Cartagena’s coast: Travel by speedboat to the Rosario Islands, and spend a day sunbathing and swimming. Visit Playa Blanca, relax and enjoy a hearty lunch, and then kick back in hammocks for a peaceful afternoon. If you’re looking for a more active trip, opt for a trip that also includes snorkeling and scuba diving among coral reefs. For a more private adventure, you can even book a full-day boat rental (boat captain included) and set your own itinerary for the day.

For an on-shore option, book an excursion to the Totumo mud volcano and enjoy a restorative soak in the mud baths known for their healing properties. Then in the evening, head back to the city, and dance the night away with a tour of the city’s salsa clubs.

A 2-day trip to Santiago offers the chance to fully explore the cosmopolitan capital of Chile, visit a nearby winery, and delve deeper into the local culture. From visiting historic landmarks and bustling food markets to soaking up the vibrant nightlife, here’s how to spend two days in Santiago.

Day 1: The City by Night and Day

**Morning:**Spend your first hours in Santiago getting your bearings and doing some sightseeing. A bus or walking tour is a great way to familiarize yourself with the city and hit the highlights, while hop-on hop-off bus tours offer the flexibility of being able to customize your stops.

**Afternoon:**Spend the afternoon exploring one of the several wineries within easy reach of Santiago. Guided wine tours generally include transfers from your Santiago hotel and take you through vineyards and into wine cellars, and typically finish with an included glass of wine.

**Night:**Hit up the lively Bellavista neighborhood and spend your night drinking, dining, and dancing. A great way to get an insider’s perspective is by joining a small-group nightlife tour that hops between the best bars, nightclubs, and live music venues and includes drinks and snacks.

Day 2: Delve Deeper into Local Culture

**Morning:**Kick off your second day in Santiago by delving into its food culture. Joining a food walking tour allows you to eat your way around the city and immerse yourself in local life as you browse food markets, refuelling along the way with tastings of typical local dishes and pisco sours. Food tours typically end with lunch at a restaurant.

**Afternoon:**Visit the Santiago home of the beloved Chilean poet and Nobel laureate, Pablo Neruda. On the slopes of San Cristobal, La Chascona is filled with Neruda’s belongings, offering a fascinating insight into his life and legacy. As you stroll through the house your audio guide fills in the details.

**Night:**Round out your visit by immersing yourself in Chilean culture with a folklore and dinner show. Tours typically include a 3-course meal, which you enjoy while listening to folk songs and watching colorful traditional dances, which have originated from various different regions of Chile. Round-trip hotel transfers are generally included.

Santiago, the cosmopolitan capital of Chile, is often overlooked in favor of its flashier neighbor, Buenos Aires, but for no good reason; Santiago boasts fine wines, vibrant nightlife, and colorful neighborhoods that are made for exploring. Here’s how to spend one day in Santiago.

Morning: City Sightseeing

Kickstart your time in Santiago on a shared or private sightseeing tour; bus tours are ideal for time-pressed travelers as they cover more landmarks—such as the Plaza de Armas, Moneda Palace, and San Cristobal Hill—in less time, and provide crucial historical context. If you want to delve deeper into local life, embark on a walking tour that covers several neighborhoods and takes you to food markets frequented by locals. Alternatively, taking a hop-on hop-off bus tour has the added benefit of allowing you to set your own itinerary and pace.

Afternoon: Go Wine Tasting

Chile is renowned for its wine and, lucky for time-pressed travelers, some of the country’s best wineries are within easy reach of Santiago. Visiting Concha y Toro, Santa Rita, or Undurraga vineyards is possible on an afternoon; tours typically pick you up from your hotel around lunchtime and tend to include a winery tour, insight into history and production processes, a visit to the wine cellars, and a glass or three of wine, of course.

Night: Immerse Yourself in the Nightlife

Bellavista is one of Santiago’s most vibrant nightlife districts but, for new arrivals, it’s not always easy to pick the best places to drink, dance, and dine. Joining a nightlife tour gives you the inside scoop on the Bellavista district and saves you hours of prior research. Small-group tours typically cover several bars and nightclubs, and include popular drinks and bar snacks such as piscolas (pisco and cola) and sopaipillas con pebre (crunchy corn snacks). Some tours, which prove ideal for solo travelers, even include a salsa lesson.

In addition to having some of Chile’s best restaurants, wine bars, and tasting rooms, Santiago is just a short drive from several renowned wine-growing areas. Here’s info on the must-try varietals and wine tasting experiences near Chile’s capital.

Must-Try Varietals

Chile produces world-class wines thanks to its general climate, its microclimates, and the high mineral content of its soil. Recently Chile has been best known for carménère, the classic French grape varietal that was thought to have been lost to phylloxera in the mid-19th century but was rediscovered in a Chilean vineyard in the 1990s. Like its next-door neighbor Argentina, Chile produces notable malbecs, and on the white side is making quite a name for itself with its sauvignon blancs. Small-scale vineyards are currently becoming more popular, and certain producers are taking advantage of the area’s excellent terroir to grow lesser-known varietals like petit verdot.

Must-Do Experiences

• Combine a winery visit with outdoor adventures on a day trip to Valle Nevado and Aquitania. Spend time at one of the area’s most popular ski resorts before sipping your way through some notable wines.

• Visit four of the Casablanca Valley’s top producers and taste their distinctive wines.

• Pedal through the vineyards of the Maipo Valley on a winery bike tour.

• See the wine country from horseback on a full-day excursion that includes traditional Chilean meals and a stop at a local winery.

• Discover Chile’s winemaking heritage and sample a variety of local wines on a full-day tour of the Colchagua Valley.

Under the reign of notorious drug lord Pablo Escobar and his cartel, Medellin endured a reputation as the most dangerous city in Colombia. To understand today’s cosmopolitan Medellin, it’s helpful to understand rise and fall of Escobar. Here are your options for Pablo Escobar history tours in Medellin. 

Highlights

• Explore Medellin neighborhoods such as El Poblado, La Paz, and Comuna 13, as well as Barrio Pablo Escobar, where many houses were built by the drug lord.

• See the Monaco building, known as ground zero for the war between Pablo’s Medellin cartel and the rival Cali cartel, on a guided tour.

• Listen as a knowledgeable tour guide narrates Escobar’s life, from trafficking drugs and smuggling cocaine into the United States to his assassination attempt and death.

• Visit the cemetery where Escobar is buried; see La Catedral, Escobar's hybrid “jail vacation home;” or eat at one of Escobar’s favorite restaurants.

• Combine an Escobar tour with other Medellin sights such as Pueblito Paisa, Botero Plaza, and Parque de las Luces.

• Enjoy a more personalized experience with a small-group or private tour.

One of Costa Rica’s top hiking destinations, Arenal Volcano National Park offers a range of hiking trails that wind through wildlife-rich rainforest and old lava flows, all anchored by one of the world’s most active volcanoes. Here are your options for trails in and around the park.

Los Heliconias — 0.6 miles (1 kilometer)

The most popular of four marked trails within Arenal Volcano National Park, this short hike starts at the ranger station and leads to a lookout with spectacular views over the volcano, Lake Arenal, and lava flows from former eruptions. At under a mile, it’s an easy and quick option for kids and those with limited time or mobility. 

Las Coladas — 1.24 miles (2 kilometers)

Mostly flat and easy to navigate, this trail wraps around the base of Arenal Volcano and offers views of the southernmost lava fields—rocky remnants of the volcano’s last major eruption in 1992. Always use caution when crossing the lava beds, as the boulders can be slippery and sharp.

Los Tucanes — 1.86 miles (3 kilometers)

Picking up where the Las Coladas Trail ends, this scenic trek winds through secondary rainforest and additional lava beds. Along the way keep an eye out some of the hundreds of bird species found in the park, including the endangered and elusive quetzal.

Los Miradores — .75 miles (1.2 kilometers)

Starting at park headquarters, this leafy route takes you through the rain forest to the shores of Lake Arenal.

Cerro Chato

The lesser-known (and dormant) cone of Cerro Chato has two hiking trails that begin near the famous La Fortuna Waterfall, about two miles (3.2 kilometers) southeast of Arenal Volcano. More difficult, these trails are best suited for experienced hikers, but the view of an emerald green lagoon that fills the collapsed crater is well worth the extra effort.

Arenal Observatory Lodge

Anyone can pay about $15 for a day pass to access the trails at this private lodge, which include the strenuous Lava Trail and the Laguna Volcán Chato, leading to the Cerro Chato crater lake.

The beaches of Rio de Janeiro are the stuff of song and legend—80 miles (129 kilometers) of sparkling, sandy, mountain-backed shores that border this marvel of South American civilization. For the best of Rio’s sun, sea, and sand, these are the beaches you must visit.

Ipanema Beach

Immortalized in bossa nova song, Ipanema Beach (Praia Ipanema) is one of Rio’s two most famous beaches, along with Copacabana. This chic stretch of sand attracts throngs of locals and visitors in equal numbers, with various social groups congregating in different sections of the beach.

Copacabana Beach

Copacabana’s 2.5-mile (4-kilometer) shoreline framed by Sugarloaf Mountain is the stuff of postcards. Arguably the city’s most picturesque beach, Copacabana is almost always buzzing with activity, making it one of the best spots for people watching with a caipirinha in hand or joining a game of beach futebol (soccer).

Barra da Tijuca Beach

Barra da Tijuca, the longest of Rio’s beaches, spans 11 miles (18 kilometers) and is known for its water sports, attracting surfers, bodyboarders, kitesurfers, and windsurfers with its consistent waves. This sun-soaked beach gets busy on the weekends, but it’s rather quiet on weekdays, especially compared to its more famous counterparts.

Vermelha Beach

Vermelha might just be Rio’s most underrated beach. While small, this stretch of reddish sand in a protected cove at the base of Sugarloaf offers calm, clear waters for swimming and a mile-long hiking trail along the rocky Brazilian coastline.

Arpoador Beach

Arpoador sits sandwiched between Ipanema and Copacabana, easily recognized by the large rock jutting into the waves. This somewhat quieter beach is popular for catching a sunset over the Atlantic—and is also known as the birthplace of surfing in Brazil.

La Fortuna is well-known for its natural attractions and outdoor activities. With three days in this Costa Rican gem, you’ll have plenty of time to explore its extensive trail systems, ziplining and white-water-rafting options, and hot springs, with time left over for a day trip. Here’s how to get the most out of three days in La Fortuna.

Day 1: Hiking and Exploring

Spend your first day exploring La Fortuna’s signature attraction: Arenal National Park. At the heart of the park sits the Arenal Volcano, visible from most parts of the city. Hike the trail system surrounding the volcano, or head down to the nearby La Fortuna waterfall, a popular spot for swimming and picnicking. Alternatively, head out to El Castillo, a nearby village and home to the Arenal Observatory Lodge. Originally built in 1987 as a Smithsonian Institution research station, this complex a little over 1.5 miles (2.4 kilometers) from the crater affords great views of the volcano and offers regular guided treks and bird-watching activities. End your day with a guided evening hike along the hanging bridges of nearby Mistico Arenal Hanging Bridges Park, a great place to see the rain forest come to life after dark.

Day 2: Exhilaration and Relaxation

Dedicate your second day to a mix of adventure activities and hot-springs relaxation. Start with a morning of ziplining high above the jungle canopy; there are plenty of spots to choose from. In the afternoon, head out on a guided white-water rafting expedition—an abundance of relatively small rapids in the area means that even beginners can join a tour without much preparation. Wrap up your evening with a relaxing soak in a thermal hot spring; if you’re not staying in one of the area’s many hot-spring resorts, it’s worth splurging for a visit to Tabacon Hot Springs, which offers quiet evening soak sessions for a fee.

Day 3: Day Trip to Caño Negro or Monteverde

On day three, expand your explorations deeper into Costa Rica’s Northern Highlands. Make your way out to the Caño Negro National Wildlife Refuge in Alajuela, about a 2-hour drive from La Fortuna. A must-visit for anyone with an interest in wildlife, this area is home to primates, lizards, and colorful birds. Many tours are available from La Fortuna, and most include a boat ride along the Rio Frio led by an expert guide.

Alternatively, if you’re willing to wake up early and spend a fair bit of time on the road, consider a visit to Monteverde, a 3- to 4-hour drive from La Fortuna. Monteverde is best-known for its Cloud Forest Reserve—home to an array of wildlife including quetzal birds, howler monkeys, and pacas—along with a hummingbird reserve and a network of suspended bridges above the rain forest canopy. 

Panama City serves as a gateway to a tropical paradise, and with three days to spend in the city, you’ll have time to walk the historic streets, float the famous canal, and spend some time exploring the beaches, rain forests, or indigenous villages of the surrounding countryside. Here are some ideas on how to spend the ultimate three days in Panama City.

Day 1: City Highlights

Get your bearings in the Panamanian capital with a sightseeing tour of the city’s highlights. Stretch your legs on a walking tour of Casco Viejo (Old Town), or zip around the city on an electric bike or by car to cover even more ground in a short amount of time. Alternately, climb aboard the hop-on hop-off sightseeing bus to tour the city’s star landmarks at your own pace. After lunch, dive deeper into your interests with a museum tour, food tour, or a visit to a local chocolate factory. Once the sun sets, grab a seat at a folkloric show for an evening of live music and dancing drawing on Panama’s rich cultural influences. Many of these shows include a buffet dinner of traditional Panamanian favorites.

Day 2: Canal Cruise

The Panama Canal ranks as one of the world’s top modern marvels of engineering and one of Panama’s top attractions. With a full day, you can sail from the Atlantic to the Pacific through the three sets of double locks and Gatún Lake in the middle. Stop at the Miraflores Locks Visitor Center along the way to learn more about the history and mechanics of this engineering feat before crossing. Depending on the tour, you may visit Monkey Island, enjoy a picnic lunch near Gatún Dam, or explore San Lorenzo National Park with its fort, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. To polish off your day at the canal, sit down for dinner at the International Miraflores Restaurant overlooking the canal. Book a balcony table so you can watch as boats pass through the locks while you dine.

Day 3: Islands and Rain Forests

While Panama City offers plenty to do, it would be a shame not to explore the natural beauty of the country on a day trip from Panama City. Beach lovers can spend the day island hopping among the sun-kissed San Blas Islands on Panama’s Caribbean coast. A typical tour might include the chance to snorkel, kayak, swim, or simply relax on the white-sand beaches. Alternatively, head inland to explore the rain forest for the chance to spot sloths, monkeys, and anteaters amid the thick foliage, or take a tour to the indigenous village of Emberá to learn more about the day-to-day lives of the country’s original inhabitants. Once back in the city, celebrate your final night with a bar-hopping tour through the Casco Viejo historic district to get a feel for the local nightlife. Visit some of the neighborhood’s best bars and clubs with a local guide who knows all the hot spots.

Getting to the ancient Inca ruins of Machu Picchu, set deep in the Andes, is a journey and an experience that requires advance planning and preparation. To avoid arriving at the site without the right gear, here’s a list of things you should bring.

Sun and bug protection: Situated at an altitude of more than 7,900 feet (2,400 meters), Machu Picchu is fairly exposed to the direct rays of the sun, meaning visitors are more susceptible to sunburn. Be sure to bring a hat, sunglasses, protective clothing, and sunblock. Insect repellent is also a good idea.

Waterproof clothing: Machu Picchu can get wet. The site has a distinct rainy season from October through April, although early-morning mists rising from the surrounding river can make things wet any time of the year. While umbrellas are not allowed, rain jackets, coats, and hats are recommended.

Drinking water and snacks: After several hours walking in the hot sun at Machu Picchu, it’s easy to get a little dehydrated. Bottled water and snacks are a great idea, especially for the long train and bus trip if you’re arriving from Cusco or points further away. Bottles are also available for purchase from vendors on-site.

Sturdy shoes: This famous Inca complex is made up of more than 200 buildings arranged across a series of wide terraces. Prepare to do some walking during your visit, particularly if you have plans to scale the towering Huayna Picchu mountain just behind the main site. While you'll find some stellar views at the top, note that selfie sticks and tripods are not allowed at Machu Picchu.

Trekking gear: Although many visitors arrive at Machu Picchu by bus and rail, some choose to reach the site via a guided hike on the Inca Trail, which can involve a full-day or multi-day hiking trip through the nearby mountains. Most hiking tours include camping gear such as tents, but Inca Trail travelers should pack moisture-wicking clothing and warm outer layers for cold nights.

Three days in Medellin gives you plenty of time to tour the city’s highlights, learn about its history and how it’s changed since the days of Pablo Escobar, soak up the natural beauty of the region, and even head farther afield to explore another Colombian destination. Here are some tips for how to spend your three days.

Day 1: History and Culture

Few cities have undergone the kind of changes Medellin has experienced over the past few decades. Learn more about this history during a sightseeing tour of the Antioquia capital. Explore on foot, by bike, or by public transportation as you visit points of interest such as Plaza Botero, Parque Lleras, the Spanish village of Pueblito Paisa, and the Metropolitan Cathedral Basilica. In the afternoon, continue your city tour to some of the many sites associated with drug lord Pablo Escobar for a greater understanding of the life and times of Medellin’s infamous son, or spend some time visiting one of the city’s excellent museums, such as the San Pedro Cemetery Museum, El Castillo Museum, Modern Art Museum, or Museum of Antioquia. Finish off your day with a traditional paisa meal in the home of a local family.

Day 2: Outdoor Adventure

Near perfect weather and a picturesque location in a green valley give Medellin the nickname the City of Eternal Spring. Take advantage of the natural appeal with a day spent in the great outdoors. There are plenty of options, depending on your preferred level of adventure; go horseback riding along backcountry trails, zip through the countryside on an ATV, zipline through the jungle canopy of a nearby nature reserve, or soar high above the city while paragliding. Choose your own adventure à la carte, or combine several into a full day of fun. For something a little more low-key, consider a stroll through the Medellin Botanical Garden or a ride on the aerial cable car instead. Once the sun goes down, head out on the town for an evening bar crawl or salsa dancing tour to some of the city’s local hot spots.

Day 3: Into the Countryside

There’s so much to do within day-trip distance of Medellin that your biggest challenge will be deciding what you most want to see. Active travelers might choose to climb the 700 steps to the top of the El Peñol inselberg for stellar views over the surrounding hills and lakes, while those interested in Colombian culture won’t want to miss the colorful cobbled streets of Guatapé or the colonial architecture of Santa Fe de Antioquia. Foodies should head to Jardín to tour coffee plantations and learn about the growing and production process or to the mountain town of San Francisco for a cocoa-making workshop. Back in Medellin, head to the trendy neighborhood of Parque Lleras, also known as the Zona Rosa, to top off your stay with dinner and drinks.

La Fortuna and its surrounding areas make an excellent getaway for travelers passionate about nature and adventure. Here you’ll find ample opportunities to hike, zipline, go white-water rafting, and soak in natural thermal hot springs. Here’s how to make the most of two days in this Costa Rican town.

Day 1: Natural Wonders

**Morning:**Start your day off with a visit to Arenal Volcano National Park, La Fortuna's most popular natural attraction. Hike one of the park’s large network of trails, with options suitable for all levels of hiking, then take a refreshing dip in the pools at the base of 200-foot-high (61-meter-high) La Fortuna Waterfall, just outside the park.

**Afternoon:**In the afternoon, head to Proyecto Asis, a wildlife-rehabilitation center that cares for injured or orphaned animals with the goal of eventual release back into the wild. Here you might see animals such as spider monkeys, peccaries, and caimans, and even volunteer to lend a helping hand.

**Night:**As night begins to fall, make your way to Mistico Arenal Hanging Bridges Park, just west of town. This park features 16 hanging bridges that weave through and above the rain forest, affording great views and the opportunity to spot wildlife; guided night visits are particularly interesting for those who want to see nocturnal animals at their most active.

Day 2: A Day of Adventure

**Morning:**Spend your second day in La Fortuna taking advantage of the area’s myriad opportunities for outdoor activity. Multiple zipline options are available, most of which offer exhilarating, multiline adventure packages that give travelers the chance to soar high above the rain forest.

**Afternoon:**In the afternoon, head out for some white-water rafting, led by a local guide. Most area rafting packages are suitable for guests of all experience levels; while the rapids are the main draw for most travelers, you'll likely also get the chance to spot all sorts of wildlife as you make your way along the river. Some tour packages pair rafting with ziplining or canyoning.

**Night:**Wrap up your stay in La Fortuna with a relaxing soak at Tabacon Hot Springs. While many visitors opt to spend the day at this upscale resort, it’s a great place to visit after nightfall, when it’s well-lit but less crowded.

With two days to spend in Panama City, you’ll have time to take in the old streets of Casco Viejo and the modern skyscrapers of the new city, sail through the iconic Panama Canal, and dig a bit deeper into the local food and arts scene. Read on to learn more about how to make the most of 48 hours in Panama City.

Day 1: City Sights

**Morning:**Get your bearings in the morning with a sightseeing tour of Panama City. Hit the pavement on a walking tour of the charming and historic Casco Viejo or opt for a city driving tour to see the highlights, old and new. Travelers who’d rather explore at their own pace can climb aboard the double-decker hop-on hop-off sightseeing bus for a fully customizable tour of the capital. 

**Afternoon:**Now that you have an idea of what Panama City has to offer, take this afternoon to dig a bit deeper into your personal interests. History buffs can spend this time touring some of the city’s top museums, including the Interoceanic Canal Museum, Museum of History, and Museum of Biodiversity, on a museum tour, while foodies might want to take a food tour of Casco Viejo or pay a visit to a local chocolate factory.

**Night:**This evening is all about enjoying Panama City’s stellar nightlife, and you have several options. Go barhopping on foot through Casco Viejo—most tours include a welcome drink at each stop—or pedal your way through the city on a moving bar with a group of friends or family.   

Day 2: Panama Canal

**Morning:**No trip to Panama would be complete without a visit to the Panama Canal. While there are many ways to explore this marvel of engineering, the best is to get right in the middle of it on a transit tour through the locks. Traveling between the Atlantic and Pacific through the Panama Canal takes an entire day, but it’s possible to travel through two sets of locks in as little as half a day, leaving the afternoon free to explore the surrounding area. 

**Afternoon:**If you opt for a partial transit through the canal, you can spend the afternoon exploring the area in greater depth. A popular option is an eco-cruise on Gatun Lake, where it’s possible to spot capuchin, howler, and tamarin monkeys on the shores of aptly named Monkey Island.

**Night:**After a full day of sightseeing, spend your last evening in Panama City enjoying music, dancing, and local cuisine during a folkloric show and dinner. Many shows include live music with influences from Spanish, Caribbean, and indigenous cultures, intricate handwoven costumes, traditional folk dances, and a dinner of traditional Panamanian favorites. 

The one-time capital of the mighty Inca Empire, Cusco’s biggest claim to fame is its impressively preserved Inca ruins, including the iconic Machu Picchu. Here are some of the most significant archaeological sites in the area worthy of a visit.

Machu Picchu

Machu Picchu, the Lost City of Incas, is perhaps the most famous archaeological site in all of South America. This UNESCO World Heritage Site encompasses a collection of temples, plazas, and terraced hills shrouded in mystery—nobody’s sure why they were built and eventually abandoned.

Ollantaytambo Ruins

The ingenuity of the Inca civilization is on full display at this ancient fortress, built during the 15th century. Surrounded by terraced hills, the complex shows off classic Inca city planning, with fine examples of stonework. The fortress was the site of the Incas’ greatest victory against the Spanish during the wars of conquest.

Pisac Ruins

While the ruins at Pisac were originally thought to be a fortress, archaeologists now think they were likely used as a religious site, observatory, and residential area. Often overlooked by visitors making a beeline for the Inca Trail and the area’s more popular ruins, travelers might find themselves practically alone among the ruins or taking in the sweeping views from the top of the archaeological site.

Choquequirao

Nicknamed “the other Machu Picchu,” Choquequirao sits in the mountains outside of Peru, where it only receives a handful of visitors each day. Accessible via a strenuous 2-day hike, these Inca ruins, complete with carved terraces and intricate stonework, offer a sense of tranquility that’s difficult to experience at more accessible sites.

Sacsayhuaman

Sacsayhuaman represents one of the largest and most impressive ancient Inca sites on the outskirts of Cusco. This military stronghold was the site of a significant battle against the Spanish in 1536; many of its tiered, zigzag walls and a large ceremonial plaza remain. 

Moray

The Incas were some of the most successful farmers in the Western Hemisphere at the height of their civilization, and at Moray, it’s easy to see why. What looks at first to be a giant crater is in fact a series of circular agricultural terraces linked by staircases. Each ring has its own microclimate, which allowed crops to be rotated throughout to test which temperature yielded the best results.

With its beautiful, volcanic surroundings and resulting abundance of natural hot springs, La Fortuna is a great place to get out into nature. Even with just one day in the Costa Rican town, you'll be able to get a good taste of life here. Here's how.

Morning: Arenal

Get up bright and early to visit Arenal Volcano National Park, which surrounds the towering Arenal Volcano. This park is known for its hiking trails and abundant plant and wildlife, with hundreds of bird species, tropical flowers, and plants. Depending on how much time you spend hiking in the park, you may also want to add a trip to the nearby La Fortuna Waterfalls to your morning. Don't forget to pack a swimsuit: The 200-foot-high (61-meter-high) waterfall drops into crystalline waters; pools farthest from the waterfall are generally calm and safe for swimming.

Afternoon: Hot Springs Soak

With all the volcanic activity around La Fortuna, it's no surprise that the area is full of hot springs, and going for a soak is a great way to relax after a morning of hiking. Many hotels have their own thermal pools, but you don't need to be a guest at a hot-springs resort to take advantage of healing waters; many offer half- or full-day passes, and some area tours include hot spring stopovers. The popular Tabacon Hot Springs offer a variety of features, from a thermal water slide to a swim-up bar. For something more family-friendly, Kalambu Hot Springs Water Park offers play areas and a 4-story rafting waterslide.

Evening: Hanging Bridges Night Hike

In the evening, head out to Mistico Arenal Hanging Bridges Park to explore the rain forest by night on a guided hike. The park has 16 hanging bridges that span around 1.6 miles (2.6 kilometers), traversing the top of the rain forest canopy. While it's a popular daytime spot, especially for photographers and bird-watching enthusiasts, visiting by night gives you the opportunity to view and learn about the park’s nocturnal creatures when they are at their most active.

Rio’s favelas are one of the city’s anomalies, existing with a combination of densely packed communities suffering from poor living conditions and regeneration projects that have opened their doors to bridge the cultural divide seen across the city. Here’s what you need to know about favela tours in Rio.

What is a favela?

Brazil’s favelas are slums with a poor socioeconomic status, most of which sprung up on the outskirts of the country’s urban centers in the late 19th century. There are almost 1,000 favelas housing an estimated 1.5 million people in Rio de Janeiro alone, and the densely packed communities often live without reliable electricity, sewage systems, or drinkable water. In recent years, efforts to improve living conditions have been successful in certain favelas, but problems remain complex and far-reaching.

Rocinha Favela

Set in the South Zone between the São Conrado and Gávea districts, Rocinha is Rio’s largest and most developed favela, and it’s the focal point of most Rio favela tours. Educational walking tours typically offer insight into community life and redevelopment projects; a chance to experience cultural traditions such as capoeira and samba; and visits to schools, local businesses, or community centers. 

Santa Marta Favela

The Santa Marta Favela is located in the Botafogo and Laranjeiras area of South Rio. Walking tours provide a look at life in the district, as well as the famous favela painting project and viewpoints that look out over Rio landmarks such as the Christ the Redeemer Statue, Copacabana, and Ipanema Beach.

Vidigal Favela

Vidigal Favela is one of the most vibrant slum areas, renowned for its striking street art, food markets, and live music venues. The community is located high on the mountainside above Rocinha, and Vidigal tours often include a hike up to the Two Brothers Mountain viewpoint.

Things to Know

• Only certain favelas are safe for visitors and they should only be visited as part of a tour with a reputable tour guide.

• Most tours use a portion of the proceeds to fund community projects within the favelas.

• Favela tours typically last two to four hours and most involve a fair amount of walking. Comfortable shoes are recommended, as roads can be steep and uneven.

• Remember that the favelas are living communities—it’s important to show sensitivity and be respectful when visiting locals and their homes. Ask your guide for advice if you are unsure.

• Viator is sensitive to the issues and concerns surrounding favelas and understands that these tours may not be suitable for everyone.

The bustling port town of Belize City offers a dose of Caribbean culture, coral reef views, and animal encounters. Given the city’s small size and nearness to the airport, it’s also easy to see in a day. Here’s how to maximize one day in this laid-back Central American hub.

Morning: Go Wild at the Belize Zoo

Even if you don't have time to venture into the Belizean rain forest, you can still get up close to creatures of the jungle at the Belize Zoo, located less than an hour’s drive from Belize City. The small zoo began as a wildlife rescue center and today is home to more than 45 native species. Book a guided tour to get there without a car and learn about zoo residents such as jaguars, howler monkeys, toucans, and crocodiles. Best of all, your visit supports conservation efforts to protect these animals and their natural habitats. If you prefer the city, learn about ancient and colonial history on a bus tour that covers top urban sights in a short amount of time.

Afternoon: See the Barrier Reef, No Boat Needed

Resting just offshore from Belize City's bustling port is the world’s second-largest coral reef. There's no better way to appreciate the scope of this barrier reef, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, than from the air on a helicopter tour. Treat yourself to an aerial perspective while soaring above protected marine reserves, coral gardens, and islands such as Ambergris Caye and Turneffe Atoll. For the ultimate fly-over, book a tour that goes all the way to the Great Blue Hole, a massive ocean sinkhole ringed by reef.

Night: Get a Taste of Caribbean Culture

Though it's no longer the Belizean capital (that honor moved to Belmopan after destructive hurricane Hattie), Belize City still showcases the small country’s diverse culture and cuisine. Dig into Creole, Afro-Caribbean, and Maya dishes at relaxed restaurants and street vendors. Or, hit the town on a party bus extravaganza.

With three days based in Cusco, you have time to explore the city from top to bottom, visit the famous ancient site of Machu Picchu, and even embark on a bonus excursion. Here’s how to do it. 

Day 1: Experience the city from morning to night

Begin your day in Cusco among the locals at the bustling San Pedro Market, where you’ll find a huge variety of foods and gifts. Join a morning cooking class, learning about local ingredients before preparing a 3-course lunch. Afterward, set out on a private or group tour of the city’s many historic attractions, including the fortified Incan complex of Sacsayhuaman and the Temple of the Sun (Qorikancha), which showcases the extraordinary engineering skills of the ancient Incas.

At night, Cusco’s buildings take on a new character. Nighttime guided tours provide illuminating insights while leading you through the streets and into little shops selling handicrafts and street food. Alternatively, gaze at the stars at Planetarium Cusco.

Day 2: Head for Machu Picchu

The main draw for many visitors to Cusco is the city’s proximity to Machu Picchu, the sacred citadel constructed in the 15th century when the Inca Empire was at the height of its powers. Skip the hassle of travel planning by booking a package that includes round-trip train tickets from Cusco to Aguas Calientes, round-trip bus tickets from Aguas Calientes to Machu Picchu, and a guided tour of Machu Picchu. You’ll also have time to wander around on your own. Several train options are available, from the luxurious Hiram Bingham Pullman to a local train.

Day 3: Explore surrounding landscapes

Stick around town if you need some downtime—or venture out on another day trip. Go to the Sacred Valley on a private or group tour that visits Pisac, home to Incan ruins and a vibrant Indian market; stroll the archeological sites of Moray and the Ollantaytambo Fortress; or marvel at Maras, where the community harvests salt in a cooperative fashion. 

Energetic travelers shouldn’t miss Rainbow Mountain, whose distinct colorful stripes come from mineral deposits. Accompanied by a guide, hike to the summit for sweeping views including snowcapped Ausangate mountain—or rent a horse to take you there. Tours typically provide breakfast and lunch.

When you’re back in Cusco, relax over a traditional Peruvian meal in the artisans’ quarter of San Blas.

With three days in the seaside paradise of Jaco, you’ll have time to enjoy the town’s picturesque beaches and vibrant surfer culture and also explore the innumerable outdoor adventures that the surrounding region has to offer. Here are some suggestions for what to do on a three-day trip to Jaco.

Day 1: Surf, Snorkel, Sunbathe

Start your stay by spending the morning at Jaco Beach. The idyllic cove is lined with surf schools, making it an ideal place to rent a board and go surfing—whether you are an experienced surfer or have never caught a wave before. Plus, the break is just a short walk from numerous restaurants and shops, so when you tire of surfing, you can tuck into some fresh seafood and tropical drinks. 

In the afternoon, escape the crowds and head to the nearby secluded coves and islands on a sea kayaking or catamaran excursion. Since these areas are only accessible by water, you will often have the place to yourself and enjoy snorkeling or sunbathing. At the end of the day, return to Jaco to embrace a night out filled with live music, crowded streets, and drink specials. 

Day 2: Adrenaline and Nature

On your second day, switch gears and venture into the rainforest. Embrace your adventurous side, and book a canyoneering trip that includes scrambling up rocky river beds, ziplining through the jungle, and repelling off waterfalls. Alternatively, you can explore the forest at a slower pace on a guided nature hike that includes swimming at the base of waterfalls and learning about the natural surroundings. Either way, spending the day in the jungle provides ample wildlife viewing opportunities; keep an eye out for monkeys and colorful tropical birds. 

If you want to see more of the surroundings, book an excursion on an all-terrain vehicle and head to otherwise inaccessible parts of the jungle with stops at stunning vista points and waterfalls along the way. Or, to really step up the views, soar over the coastline and forests on a paragliding tour. 

Day 3: National Park Road Trip or Island Cruise

Now that you have had a chance to experience the best of Jaco and its surrounding forests, take a day to visit one of Costa Rica’s top tourist destinations. Located an hour south of Jaco, Manuel Antonio National Park boats some of the country’s best beaches and wildlife. Opt for a guided tour with transportation from Jaco so that you can relax and enjoy the sights along the scenic coastal road to the park. 

If you like the idea of taking a day trip from Jaco but don’t want to make an hour-long drive, skip the national park and book a catamaran tour to Tortuga Island instead. Hop on a cruise in Jaco, and spend the day exploring picturesque islands, swimming, snorkeling, and basking on the boat. Return to Jaco to spend your final evening watching the sunset from your favorite beachfront bar. 

Three days gives you enough time to really linger in Mendoza, sampling the wines, breathing in the fresh mountain air, and wandering the tree-lined streets and fountain-filled plazas that make this wine-country hub so captivating. Read on for tips about how to make the most of your three days in Mendoza.

Day 1: Wine, Wine, Wine

Wine is a star attraction in Mendoza, and by kicking off your trip with a day of wine tasting, you can identify some favorite bottles to enjoy throughout the remainder of your stay. Since the region’s wineries are diverse and often spread out, plan to dedicate an entire day to touring winemaking facilities and sampling wines, including Argentina’s famous malbec. Wine tasting here is a bit of a choose-your-own-adventure; you can take a cycling tour to a few different wineries, pedaling through the picturesque vineyards between tastings, or you can leave the driving to someone else on the hop-on hop-off wine bus, with stops at nearly two dozen wineries. For the ultimate flexibility, opt for a private tour with your own car and driver to explore the wineries of the Uco Valley or Lujan de Cayo. Most tours include a picnic or multicourse tasting menu at one of the wineries for lunch, as well as transportation back to your Mendoza hotel in time for dinner.

Day 2: Andes Adventure

Besides producing excellent wines, the Mendoza region ranks among the world’s most spectacular wine regions, thanks to its position at the base of the Andes Mountains. Today’s your chance to take a day trip into this beautiful region near the Chilean border. If you’re in the mood for some relaxation, opt for a day trip to the Termas de Cacheuta spa in the heart of the Andes to unwind in the indoor and outdoor natural thermal spas and mud baths. Another popular day trip to the area takes visitors right up to the border with Chile to see the tallest peak in the Americas, Aconcagua, with a summit elevation of 22,841 feet (6,961 meters). Other options include fly fishing or white-water rafting on the Mendoza River or trekking through the Cordón del Plata.

Day 3: Mendoza City

Many visitors with shorter stays in Mendoza never get to enjoy the city itself, which is a shame. Start your last day off with a city sightseeing tour. Soak up the city’s appeal as you visit major landmarks such as Plaza Independencia; Cerro de la Gloria—the highest point in Mendoza—for its city views; General San Martin Park, one of the best urban green spaces in the country; and the Mundialista Stadium, site of the 1978 World Cup. In the afternoon, stop for coffee or a glass of wine at one of the alfresco cafés along Avenue Colón, and enjoy a siesta before heading out again for dinner. Remember, Argentines eat late. To wrap up your time in Mendoza, finish your night at one of the city’s milongas (tango bars) to dance the night away.