Germany Travelers Recommend

Rather than glossing over its role in World War II, Germany has preserved stories and artifacts in sites across the country, a tribute to the atrocities and tens of millions who were killed in the war. See below to learn about the solemn sites of Germany’s WWII past.

Nuremberg

As the launching point for some of Adolf Hitler’s largest Nazi rallies, Nuremberg played a significant role in World War II. The modern city is peppered with war monuments such as the former Nazi Party Rally Grounds, the Nazi Documentation Center, and the courtroom where the Nuremberg war crimes trials took place.

Dachau Concentration Camp Memorial Site

While a number of concentration camps are preserved around Germany, Dachau, with its poignant memorial and museum, is one of the most visited. The camp was used as the blueprint for others and was used during the war to imprison members of the Jewish community, German dissidents, outspoken clergymen, Jehovah’s Witnesses, and Polish civilians, among others. While a visit is sobering, many visitors find a trip to this memorial site sheds light on the Holocaust.

Eagle’s Nest

Perched on a mountain peak in the Bavarian Alps, the towering Eagle’s Nest was one of the most elaborate of Hitler’s houses. The Adlerhorst and its extensive network of underground bunkers served as the southern Nazi headquarters and a safe retreat for Hitler throughout the war. Today, its historical significance and views over the surrounding Alps makes it one of Bavaria’s most visited attractions.

Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp

Located just north of Berlin, Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp was one of the most notorious Nazi camps. Tens of thousands of Jewish people died at Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg before the camp was liberated on April 22, 1945. Today, the area serves as a museum and war memorial site with a library, archive, and open-air exhibition. There are exhibitions throughout the site, including in the barracks, prison, kitchen, and commandant's offices.

Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe (Holocaust Memorial)

Berlin’s Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, also known as the Holocaust Memorial, is an urban tribute to the 6 million Jewish victims of the Holocaust. Set within walking distance of both the Brandenburg Gate (Brandenburger Tor) and Potsdamer Platz, the memorial consists of the field of stelae and an underground information center.

As the birthplace and former headquarters of the Nazi Party, Munich played a key role in the rise and fall of Adolf Hitler’s Third Reich—and World War II. Here are some of the places in and around Munich that World War II history buffs must not miss.

The Hofbrauhaus Beer Hall

The Hofbrauhaus is where Hitler and the National Socialists held their first meeting in 1920, and where Hitler delivered one of his first speeches on the burgeoning ideology of Nazism in Germany. Today it’s a popular Bavarian beer hall where visitors and locals alike sip steins and take in the festive vibe.

Feldherrnhalle

Feldherrnhalle was the site of the famous Beer Hall Putsch of 1923, when officers of the Bavarian State Police clashed violently with Adolf Hitler supporters who were trying to storm the Bavarian Defence Ministry and seize power. Following the failed coup, Hitler was arrested and sentenced to a term in prison.

Headquarters of the German Workers’ Party

Forerunner of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party, the short-lived German Workers’ Party was founded in Munich’s Hotel Fuerstenfelder in January 1919. Party members—including a young Adolf Hitler—joined together here to discuss themes of nationalism and anti-Semitism.

Brown House (Braunes Haus)

Situated between the Karolinenplatz and Konigsplatz, the Brown House was the former headquarters of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party. It was here, from 1930, that Hitler ran an office and the Nazi Party planned rallies that changed the path of history in Europe and the world.

Eagle’s Nest

A popular site for day trips and walking tours from Munich, Eagle’s Nest sits atop the summit of the Kehlstein, a peak in Bavaria’s Berchtesgaden Alps. During Third Reich rule, the Eagle’s Nest played host to social gatherings for members of the Nazi Party.

Dachau Concentration Camp

Heinrich Himmler opened Dachau, the first of the infamous Nazi concentration camps, in 1933. From then until its eventual liberation in 1945, the camp saw some of the Holocaust’s worst atrocities committed by members of the Nazi Party.

Visit Bavaria’s royal castles and you’ll get a serious dose of German history and fairytale architecture, courtesy of their maker, King Ludwig of Bavaria. See below to discover the most ornate palaces in the region and learn how best to see them.

Neuschwanstein Castle

The inspiration for Disney’s Sleeping Beauty, Neuschwanstein was built by King Ludwig II in the 19th century. Capture the architectural grandeur and picturesque mountain scenery on a visit to this UNESCO-listed site.

How to Visit Choose between small-group and private tours, many of which combine a visit to Neuschwanstein with stops at other German castles, such as Linderhof and Hohenschwangau. Opt for a multi-day trip to explore more of Bavaria, or spend the day in the quaint village of Oberammergau before returning to Munich.

Hohenschwangau Castle

Perched on a hilltop overlooking the Alpsee and Schwansee lakes near the Austrian border, the magnificent Hohenschwangau Castle was the childhood home of King Ludwig II.

How to Visit: For the royal treatment, choose a full-day tour that visits multiple Bavarian castles, including Hohenschwangau, Linderhof, and Neuschwanstein. 

Linderhof Palace

Thought to be modeled after the Palace of Versailles in France, Linderhof Palace is the smallest of the three palaces built by the king and the only one that he lived to see completed.

How to Visit: Keep Munich as your home base by booking a single-day tour to Linderhof (many of which combine a visit to this palace with stops at other castles), or choose a multi-day trip to see more of Bavaria.

Herrenchiemsee Palace

One of King Ludwig II’s homes on Herreninsel Island, Herrenchiemsee showcases the king’s legacy. It is also thought to be modeled after the Palace of Versailles.

How to Visit: Herrenchiemsee Palace is most often visited from Munich by train. A guided trip through the palace, combined with a walking tour of the palace’s gardens and a boat tour of the surrounding islands, is a great way to spend a full day.

Munich is known for its annual Oktoberfest extravaganza, but the Bavarian capital is just as busy during the summer months. Travelers will find plenty of ways to enjoy Munich's sun, culture, and food in summer—here are a few of our favorites.

• Watch (or join!) the surfers riding the man-made waves on the Eisbach River in the English Garden.

• Take a day trip to visit some of Germany's most famous fairytale castles, including Neuschwanstein Castle and Linderhof Palace.

• Explore the city by bike or Segway and enjoy a picnic in the park.

• Spend a leisurely afternoon relaxing at an outdoor beer garden.

• Treat your stomach to a food and beer tour to experience Germany's beloved dining traditions.

• Take a day trip to Mozart's hometown in Salzburg.

Three days in Munich gives you time to discover the city’s beer, food, art, nightlife, architecture, and palaces; marvel at the fairy-tale castle that inspired Disney; and even squeeze in a day trip. And if you’re visiting over Oktoberfest or the Christmas period, that’s even better. Read on to find out more.

Day 1: City Sights and Bavarian Brews

Start your first day with a thorough orientation of the Bavarian capital. Soak up sights such as the Cathedral of Our Blessed Lady (Frauenkirche), the Munich Residence palace, and Marienplatz, fortifying yourself with coffee and cake en route. If the weather’s friendly, enjoy lunch in the English Garden park. Next, discover the city’s world-class art scene. See old masters at the Old Pinakothek, 19th-century and impressionist stars at the New Pinakothek, and modern works at the Modern Pinakothek. Wrap up the day with the city’s signature experience, a night in a historic beer hall with dirndls, an oompah band, gallons of beer, and hearty Bavarian fare such as pork knuckle.

Day 2: Castles and Cocktails

Start your second day, perhaps, with Bavaria’s signature breakfast: weisswurst, the white sausage that’s only eaten before noon. Then head out to Mad King Ludwig’s Neuschwanstein Castle for a tour of its magical turrets, chambers, and halls. Then return to Munich and explore its signature regal sights: the extravagant Munich Residence, where Bavaria’s rulers sat in state for centuries, and Nymphenburg Palace with its opulent gardens. Alternatively, continue your countryside adventure with a trip to majestic Hohenschwangau Castle, where Ludwig grew up, or Linderhof Palace, Ludwig’s answer to Versailles. Come evening, discover wealthy Munich’s more sophisticated side over cocktails and light bites in a high-end bar.

Day 3: Day Trip or Dachau

Your third day in Munich is a great opportunity to discover the city’s dark past. Start with a walking tour of the city’s many Nazi-era landmarks, learning about key points on Hitler’s rise to power. Then catch the train a little way out of the city to the Dachau Concentration Camp Memorial Site, where the first of the Third Reich concentration camps opened in 1933. Alternatively, if World War II history is too dark for you, feast on beauty with a day trip to Germany’s highest mountain, the Zugspitze; the beautiful Austrian city of Salzburg; or along south Germany’s dazzling Romantic Road. For your last evening, delve deeper into Munich’s international present. Feast at one of the city’s excellent Afghan restaurants, then don your glad rags and party till dawn at your pick of its high-class, high-energy clubs.

As the capital of Germany, the setting of the hard-fought Battle of Berlin, and the home of the Führerbunker underground shelter where Hitler committed suicide, Berlin was the site of many key events in world history. Here are just a few of the places in and around the city that are closely associated with the Third Reich and World War II. 

Reichstag

An emblem of the city, Berlin’s Reichstag parliament building dates back to 1894. Though it was severely damaged by a fire in 1933 and remained unused during the Nazi era, it nevertheless remained a big target during World War II. The famous image of the raised Soviet flag on its roof serves as a symbol of the Red Army’s victory at the Battle of Berlin.

Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp

Situated in Oranienburg, just north of Berlin, Sachsenhausen was one of the first concentration camps built by the Nazis. Opened in 1936, it served as a model for later camps. By the time it was liberated in 1945, around 200,000 people had been imprisoned here. 

Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe (Holocaust Memorial)

Opened in 2005, this somber memorial, designed by American architect Peter Eisenman, consists of thousands of different-size concrete slabs spread across a 4.7-acre (1.9-hectare) site. The memorial is just a few hundred feet away from the site of the Führerbunker—now an nondescript parking lot—where Hitler spent his last days. 

Topography of Terror

Set on the site of the former headquarters of the Third Reich and SS Central Command, this museum traces the history of Nazi institutions. A series of indoor and outdoor exhibits collectively recount the plans, atrocities, and crimes hatched by party members at this very location. 

While there's much to see and do in Munich, the attractions outside the city limits can be equally alluring. From pristine Alpine lakes and fairy-tale castles to quaint mountain villages and sobering concentration camp sites, here are our top must-do day trips from Munich.

Neuschwanstein Castle — about 75 miles (120 kilometers) away

Built in the late 19th century by Bavaria’s “Mad" King Ludwig II, this castle is famous for its audacious Disney-esque architecture. Most day tours to the castle from Munich include round-trip transportation and skip-the-line access, while some incorporate trips to other royal residences in Bavaria, such as the nearby Hohenschwangau Castle, Ludwig II’s childhood home, and Linderhof Palace.

Salzburg — about 93 miles (150 kilometers) away

Less than two hours from Munich by train, the picturesque city of Salzburg sits just across the Austrian border. Most tours from Munich include train tickets, a guided walking tour, and free time to explore on your own. Wander the Old Town (Aldstadt), visit the mighty Salzburg Fortress (Festung Hohensalzburg), and check out prominent Sound of Music filming locales such as Mirabell Palace and Garden.

Dachau Concentration Camp Memorial Site — about 19 miles (30 kilometers) away

The troubling legacy of the Third Reich is remembered at Dachau, where Hitler set up his first concentration camp in 1933, mere weeks after coming into power. Dachau’s proximity to Munich makes it possible to visit the memorial site and take a World War II tour of Munich in the same day.

Lake District — distances vary

Munich is an ideal jumping-off point from which to explore the Bavarian lakes and the Austrian Lake District (Salzkammergut). Enjoy relaxed cruises on Lake Wolfgang (Wolfgangsee), King’s Lake (Konigssee), or Lake Hallstatt (Hallstätter See), which are encircled by soaring Alpine peaks and lush valleys.

Three days in Bavaria are just enough time to take in the highlights of Germany’s mountainous southern state. Combine sightseeing with beer tasting in Munich; discover the storybook villages and fairy-tale castles of the Romantic Road; and marvel at the wild landscapes of the Bavarian Alps. Here’s how. 

Day 1: Sightseeing in Munich

Famous for its beer-brewing heritage and world-renowned Oktoberfest, Munich is the obvious place to start. Get to know the Bavarian capital on a walking, biking, or Segway tour—or check off the sights at your own pace on a hop-on hop-off bus. Must-see landmarks include the New Town Hall (Neues Rathaus), St. Peter’s Church (Peterskirche), and Frauenkirche cathedral. Afterward, stroll the English Garden, or wander the stalls at the lively Viktualienmarkt market. For dinner, tuck into traditional Bavarian fare like pork knuckle, pretzels, and spaetzle at one of Munich’s legendary beer halls or beer gardens, such as the Hofbräuhaus. Join a beer-tasting experience for an introduction to local favorites and insight into Bavaria’s beer-making legacy.

Day 2: Exploring the Bavarian Alps

Head south to admire the snow-blanketed peaks and lush valleys of the Bavarian Alps. The most impressive route is part of the German Alpine Road, which runs from Lake Constance to Berchtesgaden. Along the way, stop at Neuschwanstein Castle, built by the “Mad” King Ludwig II and one of Bavaria’s most photographed sights—prebook skip-the-line tickets to save time. Day tours from Munich often include visits to attractions such as Linderhof Palace (another of Ludwig II’s creations) and Hohenschwangau Castle (his childhood home).

Day 3: Driving the Romantic Road

Set out on one of Europe’s most picturesque routes, the 220-mile-long (354-kilometer-long) Romantic Road, which runs from Füssen in the south to Würzburg in the north. It’s possible to travel the most scenic stretch—between Augsburg and Rothenburg ob der Tauber—in one day. Join a tour to make the most of your time, as public transit is limited along the Romantic Road. Photo ops are around every corner, so take time to stop in the villages of Donauwörth and Dinkelsbühl and see the 11th-century Harburg Castle. Rothenburg is the route’s star, a remarkably preserved medieval town where you can browse artisan shops and walk the old city walls and cobblestone streets. Don’t miss the Käthe Wohlfahrt Christmas Shop, open year-round. 

Rich history, hip neighborhoods, and inviting cuisines fill the German capital of Berlin. Over the course of three days in the city, there’s plenty of time to go sightseeing, wander through museums, and even discover nearby towns and attractions. Here are a few ways to spend 72 hours in Berlin. 

Day 1: Welcome to Berlin

Catch a glimpse of Berlin’s fascinating history with a full day of sightseeing. If a Champagne breakfast is your style, a skip-the-line ticket to the Berlin TV Tower includes a glass of bubbly with your meal. Move quickly (though at your own pace) throughout the city with a hop-on hop-off bus tour, or sign up for a bike tour to explore on two wheels. If you’re looking to visit many sights while in town, check out the Berlin Pass, which offers free entry to more than 50 attractions including the Checkpoint Charlie Museum. History buffs will learn new details about Berlin’s complicated past during guided tours such as a Cold War Walking Tour. Finish the day with a scenic cruise down the River Spree.

Day 2: City Culture, Street Food, and Vibrant Neighborhoods

Go deeper into contemporary Berlin to learn about how people are living in Germany’s capital today. Walking tours focused on neighborhoods such as Kreuzberg and Friedrichshain open doors into the latest in art, fashion, food, and nightlife. If you’re interested in Berlin’s street art scene, sign up for a small-group street art tour complete with a graffiti workshop. After dark, set out on a food tour by bike to discover Berlin’s culinary scene, or head to the Charlottenburg Palace for a concert by the Berlin Residence Orchestra. 

Day 3: Beyond Berlin’s Borders

Maximize your time in Germany with a day trip outside of Berlin. A serious and deeply moving option is a tour of the Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp, which exposes the story of this camp during and after World War II. A lighter, more festive outing could lead you to Dresden, where grand palaces, baroque architecture, and beer gardens await, or to Potsdam, home to museums, more palaces, and extensive gardens. Return to Berlin in the evening to take in the city’s renowned electric nightlife. 

Oktoberfest is by far the largest beer festival in the world, attracting more than 7 million visitors to Munich every year to enjoy the liquid gold. The 16-day event's temporary sparkling city of 34 vast beer tents, fairground attractions, music and specially brewed beer served in Masskrüge (one-liter) mugs certainly makes for a memorable experience.

The Beer

Thanks to the 16th-century Bavarian Beer Purity Law still in place today, Oktoberfest guests are guaranteed the highest quality Bavarian brews at the event. All beer served is from one of Munich's Big Six breweries: Augustiner, Löwenbräu, Paulaner, Spaten, Hofbräu and Hacker-Pschorr. About 6.9 million liters of beer are consumed over the course of the festival (that's enough to fill 43,000 bathtubs), and it should be noted that Oktoberfest beer has a higher alcohol content than other varieties. In addition the beer, traditional Bavarian food is also served, including Hendl, salt-roasted chicken, and Dampfnudl, sweet dumplings served with vanilla sauce. Also, the drinking age in Germany? 16.

The Atmosphere

Oktoberfest is known as one giant, joyous party, with Bavarian Blasmusik (brass band music) played in every tent, each of which has its own personality. The 10,000-person Hofbräu-Festzelt tent is an especially festive area, where it's possible meet travelers from all around the world in addition to plenty of Germans—85% of attendees arrive at Oktoberfest from Bavaria and other parts of Germany. Travelers can enjoy what locals call Gemütlichkeit—a friendliness, comfortable coziness and relaxed appreciation for the old-fashioned good things in life. In addition to participating in the colorful Bavarian triathlon of eating, drinking and singing, guests can also wander the 103-acre grounds and take a ride on the carousel or see the Wiesn faigrounds from the top of the Ferris wheel.

How to Attend

Given the event's enormous popularity, it's best to book tickets in advance and reserve a table in one of the major tents. Tickets can be combined with a tour of the Oktoberfest grounds, a Segway tour around Munich or a historical beer festival walking tour. It's even possible for those traveling in Austria to book an Oktoberfest experience that begins with transport from Salzburg to Munich.

With two days in Munich, you can discover the city’s art, architecture, beer, and food; explore its Nazi past; and marvel at Bavaria’s signature fairy-tale castle, Neuschwanstein. And if Oktoberfest or the Christmas markets are in season, all the better. Here’s how to make the most of 48 hours in the Bavarian capital.

Day 1: City Sights and Bavarian Brews

**Morning:**Start the day by orienting yourself in Munich. Don’t miss landmarks such as the Cathedral of Our Blessed Lady (Frauenkirche) and the Munich Residence palace; if weather permits, soak up the sights in the English Garden (Englischer Garten) park. Be sure to stop for a Munich ritual: coffee and cake (kaffee und kuchen).

**Afternoon:**Discover the role that Munich played in the Nazis’ rise to power, perhaps on a walking tour of the city’s many Third Reich landmarks. Alternatively, head to Dachau, just 13 miles (21 kilometers) from the city center, to pay tribute at the somber site of Germany’s first concentration camp.

**Night:**It wouldn’t be Bavaria without beer. Spend your first night enjoying Munich’s signature experience: a night in a classic beer hall with oompah bands, dirndls, lederhosen, and epic quantities of pork and potatoes. In summer, be sure to stop by one of the city’s seasonal beer gardens, too.

Day 2: Castles, Art, and Cocktails

**Morning:**Wake up early for the long trip out to Neuschwanstein Castle, the fairy-tale edifice that Bavaria’s Mad King Ludwig II built in the 19th century. True castle junkies may want to make a day of it by adding a visit to Hohenschwangau Castle, where Ludwig grew up, or Linderhof Palace, which he built.

**Afternoon:**Whatever your taste in art, Munich’s Pinakothek has you covered. The Old Pinakothek delivers European old masters from Botticelli and Titian to Rubens and Dürer; the New Pinakothek has 19th-century titans such as Van Gogh and Manet; and the Modern Pinakothek offers Picasso, Dalí, and so much more.

**Night:**Spend your final night in Munich discovering a more modern side of this prosperous city. Sip vino and nibble light bites in a shipping container; savor fine cocktails courtesy of Munich bartending legend Charles Schumann; or, if you’re still thirsty for beer, swing by one of the city’s contemporary craft beer bars.

From a fairytale palace towering over the Rhine River to one of Germany’s oldest forts, there are a number of impressive medieval castles to explore outside Frankfurt and they each make for a great day trip destination. Here are a few of the best.

Greifenstein Castle

With a history dating back to 1226, the imposing stone ruins of Greifenstein Castle rank among Germany’s oldest fortresses, and the once-mighty stronghold is still remarkably preserved. Now a National Historical Landmark, visitors can explore the 12th-century torture chambers, wine cellars and herb gardens, climb the towers and marvel at the unique German Bell Museum.

Eltz Castle

With its majestic turrets, stone-brick towers and dramatic entry bridge, Eltz Castle is a residence fit for royalty, and it’s been the home of the Counts of Eltz ever since the 12th century. Perched atop a 70-meter cliff and surrounded by dense woodlands, the journey to the castle is as jaw-dropping as the lavish interiors, and visitors can tour the period-style rooms, including an armory room, a hunting room and the medieval kitchens.

Heidelberg Castle

Standing watch over the city from its hilltop perch, the striking pink sandstone facade of Heidelberg Castle is a romantic sight, framed by forested slopes. The most photogenic viewpoint is looking out over the Old Bridge across the Rhine, but it's worth riding the funicular to the top too, where you can admire the 13th-century Gothic-Renaissance ruins, stroll through the castle gardens and view the legendary Heidelberg Tun, the world’s largest wine barrel.

Schwetzingen Castle

Built as a hunting lodge for the Duke of Bavaria in the 18th century on the site of a medieval moated castle, Schwetzingen Castle is lavishly decorated with original furnishings and features an exquisite Rococo theater. The palace is most renowned for its stunning Baroque-style gardens, which include a formal French garden, an English-style park, a monumental mosque and Turkish garden, plus a vast series of sculptures.

With three days in Frankfurt, you’ll have plenty of time to tour the city’s historic monuments and museums, and to explore farther afield. To maximize your time, look for tours that combine multiple attractions in one day or take advantage of money-saving deals and sightseeing passes. Here are some ideas.

Day 1: Shopping and Sightseeing

Joining a guided sightseeing tour or hop-on hop-off bus tour is a great way to get your bearings and make sure you don’t miss anything. Listen to the onboard commentary as you drive through Frankfurt’s Financial District, past historic sites like the Frankfurt Stock Exchange building and the Eschenheimer Tower, and towering skyscrapers like the Main Tower.

Jump out to explore the Altstadt (Old Town) on foot, starting at the main square, the Römerberg. After admiring landmarks like the Rathaus (Town Hall), St. Nicholas Church, and St. Bartholomew's Cathedral, stroll along the Zeil, Frankfurt’s main shopping boulevard, and browse the stalls at the Kleinmarkthalle, Frankfurt’s daily food market.

Continue sightseeing into the evening with a scenic cruise along the Main River and enjoy dinner onboard as you admire the illuminated skyline from the water.

Day 2: Explore the Rhine Valley

The UNESCO-listed Rhine Valley is the most scenic stretch of the Rhine River, flowing between Mainz and Koblenz. Set sail aboard a traditional steamer and cruise past the vineyards, medieval towns and mountaintop castles of the Rhine. Stop along the way to visit historic Rudesheim and the landmark Loreley Rock, enjoy wine tasting at a family-run winery, or savor lunch with a view at a riverfront restaurant.

You can choose to explore this region on a full-day cruise from Frankfurt or opt for a Rhine River cruise pass and take in the sights at your own pace. Alternatively, combine an afternoon cruise along the Rhine with a morning visit to Heidelberg, where highlights include the hilltop Heidelberg Castle and the picturesque Old Town.

Day 3: Parks and Museums

Frankfurter’s Museumsufer, or Museum Embankment, stretches along the south bank of the Main River and is home to 13 museums. Spend the morning admiring the artworks at the Städel Museum, visit the German Museum of Architecture or the German Film Museum, or browse the exhibitions at the Museum of World Cultures.

In the afternoon, enjoy a change of pace and take a walk around the Palmengarten, one of the largest botanical gardens in Germany. Alternatively, pay a visit to Frankfurt Zoo, where the 4,500 animal residents include tigers, giraffes, gibbons, and rhinos.

On your final evening, head into the atmospheric Sachsenhausen district, where the cobbled lanes are filled with restaurants, bars, and jazz clubs. Perhaps enjoy a dinner of traditional Frankfurt cuisine, sample the city’s famous apfelwein (apple wine) at one of the historic wine taverns, then go bar-hopping along Dreieichstrasse and Bruckenstrasse.

The Bavarian capital of Munich has long been among the most popular destinations in Germany, and for good reason. This city is full of architectural marvels, from the neo-Gothic New Town Hall and the medieval main square of Marienplatz to the Gothic-meets-Renaissance cathedral of Frauenkirche. Sports lovers will surely be familiar with the Bayern Munich soccer team, while the annual Oktoberfest attracts beer lovers from around the world. 

Plus, if you feel like getting out and exploring for the day, there’s plenty to do and see in the surrounding region, from the fairy-tale castle of Neuschwanstein to the sobering Dachau Concentration Camp Memorial. Here are some of Munich’s must-do activities. 

There’s no better way to soak up Germany’s festive holiday atmosphere than by visiting one of the country’s many Christmas markets. Here’s how to get into the spirit, from sipping hot Gluhwein (German mulled wine) to browsing handmade trinkets beneath a canopy of twinkling lights.

Where to Go

You’ll be spoiled for choice when it’s time to decide where to spend Christmas in Germany.Berlincomes alive over the festive season, hosting well over a dozen markets that you can easily visit on a city walking tour.

Another great place to spend the holidays is Munich, where a walking tour of the city’s 20-odd holiday markets leads to the central Medieval Christmas Market and the Christmas Village held in the royal palace courtyard.

Other popular German Christmas markets include Nuremberg's famous Christkindlesmarkt and Kinderweihnacht ; the traditional markets of Hamburg and Stuttgart; and Cologne's markets—one of which takes place in front of the city’s UNESCO World Heritage–listed cathedral.

You can combine the best of central Germany’s markets on a four-day tour that stops at the Leipzig market, Dresden’s famous Striezelmarkt (Germany’s oldest Christmas market), and some of the country’s traditional toy-making villages.

Things to Know

• Christmastime in Germany is magical enough to charm even the most dedicated Grinch. Fairytale lights cover the pedestrian walkways, fresh evergreen gives everything an enchanting scent, and there’s something delicious to eat on every street corner.

• Traditional Christmas markets run from the last week of November until Christmas Eve (or a couple of days before).

• The markets are held outdoors, in all weather, so be sure to dress warmly for rain and for snow. Don’t worry, the spiced wine will keep you warm.

From the Bavarian city of Munich, the Austrian border is just a 1.5 hours' drive away through striking German countryside, making nearby Salzburg an easy day trip destination. See below for the best ways to explore this Baroque city from Munich.

Salzburg City Tours

A guided tour is a great way to discover all that Salzburg has to offer, especially when visiting from Germany. See Hellbrunn Castle, Mirabell Palace, and the Mozart Residence (Mozart Wohnhaus), the former home of classical music king Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Traveling with a tour guide and a group will allow you to explore the city’s UNESCO World Heritage-listed Old Town without having to worry about transport from Munich.

Combo Tours

Choosing a combo tour will take you from Munich to Salzburg, while also allotting time to explore the best of the Bavarian countryside. Head out to absorb the beautiful Lower Bavarian Alps and see filming sites used in the 1965 classic The Sound of Music, then visit Salzburg’s churches and squares. You can then continue through the Lake District toward the postcard-perfect town of St Wolfgang, where Mozart was born, all before getting transported back to Munich.

Things to Know

• Comfortable walking shoes are a must.

• Because Salzburg and the surrounding countryside are a couple hours’ journey from Munich, most day trip tours last upwards of eight hours.

• Be sure to bring a camera to capture the gorgeous mountain scenery.

• An extended two-day tour can be a great way to see all the sights at a relaxed pace.

Germany’s medieval castles and dense forests inspired the beloved fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm. Bring the stories to life by visiting the iconic Neuschwanstein Castle, exploring the Black Forest, or touring the Fairy Tale Route or Castle Road.

Neuschwanstein Castle

Neuschwanstein, an iconic fairy-tale castle, was the model for the Sleeping Beauty Castle in Disneyland. Standing high on a Bavarian hill in a secluded corner of the country, the castle was meant to be the residence of King Ludwig II, but he died before its completion. Today, the Romanesque Revival palace’s exquisite apartments and state rooms are open to the public. Book a skip-the-line tour for the ultimate experience.

The Black Forest

Located in southwest Germany’s Rhine Valley, the vast Black Forest offers hiking and mountain biking opportunities in the summer, as well as downhill and Nordic skiing in the winter. The area is also home to more than a dozen picturesque towns and villages, as well as spa resorts and thermal baths. Use Frankfurt as a jumping-off point to visit the spa town of Baden-Baden, or pick Strasbourg as a base to tour the medieval town of Freiburg and other Black Forest villages.

Castle Road

Established in the 1950s and extended to the Czech Republic in the 1990s, Castle Road runs more than 620 miles (1,000 kilometers) from Mannheim, Germany, to Prague, Czech Republic. Several dozen castles line the route; must-see highlights include Mannheim Palace, Heidelberg Castle, Eger Castle, and Prague Castle. Visit Heidelberg on a day trip tour from Frankfurt, or check out the Prague portion of the road in the Czech Republic.

The German Fairy Tale Route

The German Fairy Tale Route brings many popular fairy tales to life. Stretching for 373 miles (600 kilometers) from Hanau to Bremen, the scenic drive comprises thick forests, medieval castles, and other notable landmarks such as the Brothers Grimm Museum in Steinau and the rat-catcher’s house in Hamlin, where the Pied Piper lived. Visit Trendelburg Castle, where Rapunzel let down her long hair, and Sababurg Castle, also known as the castle of Sleeping Beauty.

Germany’s third city and the capital of Bavaria, Munich delivers so much more than the annual Oktoberfest beer frenzy and adorable Christmas markets. A bewitching blend of historic architecture, green parks, and contemporary arts and style, Munich belies its staid reputation. Here’s how to get a decent taste of the city in just one day.

Morning: City Circuit

Start the day by orienting yourself in the city, perhaps on a Segway tour, a hop-on hop-off bus tour, or a bike tour. Check out historic architecture such as the Munich Residence palace, the Old Town Hall, and the Cathedral of Our Blessed Lady (Frauenkirche); amble scenic squares such as Marienplatz and Odeonsplatz; and soak up the fresh air in the vast English Garden (Englischer Garten) park. Along the way, be sure to stop for a Munich ritual: coffee and cake (kaffee und kuchen). Don’t miss indulgent treats such as Bavaria’s favorite Prinzregententorte sponge, with chocolate buttercream and apricot jam.

Afternoon: The Dark Side

Munich played a central role in Hitler’s rise to power. It was here that he first attempted to take control of Germany, during the Beer Hall Putsch of 1923, and many Nazi-era landmarks survived the bombing during World War II. A walking tour of Third Reich Munich is a fascinating journey into the city’s—and Germany’s—dark past. Alternatively, travel a little way out of the city to the Dachau Concentration Camp Memorial Site, where the Nazis opened their first concentration camp in 1933. Tens of thousands died here, while many more were sent to their deaths at Auschwitz.

Night: Bavarian Brews

Even if you miss Oktoberfest (which, despite the name, runs from mid-September to early October), an encounter with Bavaria’s No. 1 export—beer—is a must. A trip to a classic beer hall, perhaps the 16th-century Hofbräuhaus, is essential. Soak up the atmosphere as dirndl-clad waitresses and lederhosen-sporting waiters bear foaming steins, an oompah band plays, and hearty Bavarian faves from pork knuckle to sausage steam up the kitchen. In summer, don’t miss the city’s vast beer gardens. If time permits, check out Munich’s burgeoning craft beer scene, with contemporary beer joints as stylish as anything you’ll see in Berlin or Austin.

With its parks, museums, and the palace of Sanssouci, the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Potsdam is a perfect day trip from Berlin—it's just 15 miles (24 kilometers) from the German capital, on the Havel River. Here are a few ways to experience the area.

Guided Group Tours

Whether it's on foot, by bike, or via coach, a guided group tour of Potsdam is an excellent way to maximize your time in Brandenburg's capital city. Here in the "Versailles of Germany," you can explore fairy-tale landscapes; wander through the rococo palace of Sanssouci (meaning "carefree" in French) where the Prussian kings came to relax; and enjoy lunch at an authentic beer garden on a half- or full-day guided day trip from Berlin.

Private Tours

A private tour gives you the benefit of a flexible itinerary, with time to visit the sites you'd most like to see. Your tour guide can offer tips tips on the best places to eat, drink, and shop in Potsdam's old city, and you'll have their undivided attention throughout the day. Whether you opt for a full day away from Berlin or a half-day tour, a customizable private tour is a great option for groups or families with kids.

Things to Know

• Potsdam is set just 15 miles (24 kilometers) west of Berlin, a journey of 25 minutes by train or 40 minutes by road.

• Be sure to bring your camera, comfortable walking shoes, and water and snacks for the journey.

• Most tours include round-trip transportation.

With vast green spaces, nature on its doorstep, and plenty of sunny beer gardens and cozy beer halls, Munich is an ideal spot for a laid-back city break. And while the Bavarian capital can get crowded, there are also peaceful pockets for escape—provided you know where to look. Here’s how to beat the crowds in Munich.

Go to green spaces.

When you need some time away from the urban bustle, head to a Munich park. The English Garden (Englischer Garten) is bigger than Central Park, with plenty of room to stretch out without bumping elbows. Or walk or picnic on the banks of the tranquil Isar River.

Book tickets in advance.

While you can’t avoid crowds at top attractions, you can minimize wait times by purchasing tickets in advance. Prebook tickets for Neuschwanstein Castle to avoid lengthy lines (and potentially getting turned away) at the ticket office. Make an Oktoberfest reservation well in advance to avoid wading through the crowds and searching for a seat.

Time your visits carefully.

Choosing when to visit Munich is as important as where to visit. Nighttime sightseeing tours are a great way to see top sights when many other travelers are off the streets. If you want to experience Oktoberfest without the biggest crowds, avoid opening and closing weekends. Better yet, try going early on a midweek morning when most locals are at work.

Escape to mountains and lakes.

Give city crowds the slip on day trips out to the Bavarian countryside and the Austrian Lake District (Salzkammergut). Lakes such as Chiemsee and Wolfgangsee make serene day-trip getaways, while Herrenchiemsee Castle is a crowd-free alternative to the popular Neuschwanstein Castle.

Avoid Oktoberfest.

Munich is busiest for Oktoberfest when more than 6 million visitors pour into the city. The crowds, noise, and buzz are all part of the Oktoberfest fun, but it’s not for everyone. If you want to explore the city without big crowds, it’s best to visit at another time of year. 

Explore by bike.

Public transport is often busy at rush hour, as are roads. It’s often quicker and less stressful to explore Munich by bike. Bikes allow you to explore more of the city in less time, and there are lots of well-kept bike routes to follow. Opt for a stress-free bike tour for a seamless experience.

The 19th-century Wittelsbach rulers of Bavaria shaped their capital in the image of Europe’s cultural behemoths, transforming Munich into “Athens on the Isar River.” It’s a legacy that continues today as Munich remains an important European cultural center. Here are some ways to explore Munich’s cultural side.

Go museum-hopping at the Kunstareal.

Visit Munich’s top museums in one swoop with a visit to Kunstareal, Munich’s museum quarter. Here, you find the three Pinakotheken galleries—Old Pinakothek (Alte Pinakothek), New Pinakothek (New Pinakothek), and Pinakothek der Moderne—as well as Lenbachhaus art gallery and Museum Brandhorst. Admission to some of these institutions is included as part of multiattraction sightseeing passes. 

Visit royal residences.

The former palaces of Bavarian royals are scattered around Munich and the surrounding regions. They serve both as architectural eye candy and as repositories for art, antiques, and decorative objects. Some, such as the Munich Residenz (Residenz München) and Baroque-style Nymphenburg Palace (Schloss Nymphenburg), are situated within Munich itself, while others, such as Linderhof Castle, Neuschwanstein Castle, and Hohenschwangau Castle, can be easily visited as part of day trips.

Catch a music performance.

A night out at a concert is a classic Munich activity. Attend orchestral performances at the Rococo-style Cuvilliés Theater, Max Joseph Hall, or the Hofkapelle (Court Chapel)—all of which are in the Munich Residence. For something less formal, catch oompah bands performing at the Hofbräuhaus beer hall.

Attend Oktoberfest.

Immerse yourself in traditional Bavarian culture at this world-famous festival, which starts in mid-September and features parades, processions, and a fairground. Attendees don traditional Bavarian garb while they eat, drink, and dance the days away. Some packages include a tour of Theresienwiese, the festival site, as well as food, beer, and reserved spaces in an Oktoberfest tent.

A day in Berlin could easily be spent in one of the city’s wonderful museums. But if you’re looking to maximize time in the German capital, it’s possible to pack loads of history, food, and sightseeing into a single day. Here’s what you need to know about biking, strolling, and eating your way through Berlin in 24 hours.

Morning: Urban Orientation

Begin a day in Berlin with a tour to orient yourself in the city. Follow a guide to explore on two wheels with a Berlin Bike Tour, or save your energy and cover ground more quickly with a Segway tour. Maximize time in the city and explore at your own pace with a ticket for the hop-on hop-off bus that includes top sights such as Brandenburg Gate, Checkpoint Charlie, Charlottenburg Palace, Potsdamer Platz, and more. Consider a hop-on hop-off tour ticket that includes extras, from a cruise on the River Spree to skip-the-line entry at the TV Tower.

Afternoon: History and Grub

Learn about Berlin’s complicated history during one of several history-themed guided tours, including a Third Reich Sites walking tour or an intimate private walking tour focused on World War II and Cold War sites. Hear stories about different eras of Berlin’s history during the Discover Berlin Half-Day walking tour, including major landmarks such as the Reichstag, the Holocaust Memorial, and the Berlin Wall. If you would rather go off the beaten path, you can explore the hip neighborhood of Kreuzberg with a food, culture, and street art tour complete with street food snacks.

Night: Neighborhoods and Night Views

Berlin is known for its electric after-dark atmosphere. Experience the vibrant neighborhood of Prenzlauer Berg with a local leading the way during an evening Berlin food tour by bike. This tour visits three restaurants representing different sides of Berlin’s culinary scene, including Turkish and Middle Eastern cuisines. Berlin’s landmarks take on a different feel after dark. Catch a glimpse of nighttime views over the city’s rooftops with skip-the-line tickets for the TV Tower.  

The sprawling German capital is full of historic landmarks, hip neighborhoods, and a diverse food scene. While the city’s size can be intimidating, with a bit of planning it’s possible to get a taste of everything in 48 hours. Here are a few ways to spend two days in Berlin.

Day 1: Sights, Tastes, and Sounds

**Morning:**Move through Berlin’s must-see areas with a hop-on hop-off bus tour, which stops at major landmarks including Brandenburg Gate, Checkpoint Charlie, and the Berlin Wall Memorial. Get an introduction to the city’s history and main attractions with on-board commentary while exploring the city at your own pace. 

**Afternoon:**Eat lunch with a view atop the Berlin TV tower—and with skip-the-line tickets, there’s no need to worry about crowds. For a more off-the-beaten-path option, sign up for a tour of the vibrant Kreuzberg, Mitte and Friedrichshain neighborhoods, including their food and street art. 

**Night:**Complete a day of sightseeing with a concert at the Charlottenburg Palace, including a palace tour. Listen to a performance by the Berlin Residence Orchestra and relax during a 3-course dinner. Alternatively, check out a craft beer and brewery tour to see local microbreweries and sample German craft beers. 

Day 2: All About History

**Morning:**Learn about Berlin’s complex past during a highlights and hidden sights walking tour that includes seeing where Hitler’s bunker was located. If you’re interested in zeroing in on the history of the 1940s, you may want to opt for a World War II–themed tour.

**Afternoon:**Join a private guide for a moving tour designed by a military historian of the Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp. Learn about the camp’s history and see the grounds with a private guide to answer all your questions. 

**Night:**Cruise down the River Spree to experience the beauty of Berlin after dark with an evening cruise, including dinner and drinks. To see a more contemporary side of Berlin, check out the Friedrichstadt-Palast Show, a high-fashion revue show with over 500 costumes plus live music, dancers, and acrobats. 

The Berlin Wall fell in 1989, but it wasn’t until 1990 that Germany was officially reunified. Every October 3, Berliners celebrate the forward-thinking spirit of their city. Here’s how to join in on the fun.  

• Celebrate local culture with a concert at the Charlottenburg Palace.
• Discover the details of the Cold War period in Berlin with a Cold War-themed walking tour.
• Experience the vibrant neighborhoods Berliners call home during a stroll through Kreuzberg, Mitte, and Friedrichshain.
• Join a bike tour focused on surviving sections of the Berlin Wall and Cold War history.
• Learn about Berlin’s history with a Highlights and Hidden Sites historical walking tour.