Turkey Travelers Recommend

A fairytale landscape carved into the plains of central Anatolia, Cappadocia is a top destination in Turkey. Whether to marvel at the fairy chimney rock formations, watch the sunrise from a hot air balloon, or discover the UNESCO-listed Goreme Open Air Museum—here are your options for Cappadocia tours from Istanbul. 

Full-Day Tours

With limited time, it’s possible to take in the highlights of Cappadocia on a day trip, and opting for a small-group tour means you’ll enjoy extra attention from your tour guide. To maximize your time, most tours include airport transfers, flight tickets, and lunch, as well as visits to spots such as Kaymakli Underground City, Cavusin, Uchisar Castle, Rose Valley, and Pigeon Valley. 

Multi-Day Tours

There’s so much to see in Cappadocia, a 2-, 3-, or 4-day tour means you’ll have time to experience the magnificent landscapes of Pasabag (Monk’s Valley), enjoy panoramic views of the fairy chimneys on an early-morning hot air balloon ride, or spend a night in an atmospheric cave hotel. Cappadocia is also a popular inclusion on multi-day Turkey tours, so you could combine your trip with popular destinations such as Ephesus, Gallipoli, Ankara, and Pamukkale.

Things to Know

• Cappadocia is located in central Anatolia, about 469 miles (755 kilometers) southeast of Istanbul.

• Regular domestic flights run from Istanbul airport to Nevsehir or Kayseri airport in Cappadocia. The flight is about 75 minutes.

• Full-day tours from Istanbul typically last about 15 hours, so be prepared for a long day trip.

• Multi-day tours often include a round-trip domestic flight, accommodation, meals, entrance fees and transfers.

• Be sure to wear comfortable shoes to navigate Cappadocia’s uneven landscapes and archeological sites.

Known for their therapeutic properties since Roman times, the waters of the Pamukkale Thermal Pools flow into white travertine formations that rise out of the surrounding plains. Nearby are the ruins of Hierapolis, an ancient city that grew up around the springs. The thermal pools and petrified waterfalls create an otherworldly landscape at Pamukkale, which means Cotton Palace.

The Basics

Most visitors come to soak in the Pamukkale pools and then head uphill to the extensive Hierapolis ruins, which include an amphitheater, a basilica, and a large Roman bath. These two sites, which together form a UNESCO World Heritage Site, are often combined on full-day tours from Bodrum, Antalya, Izmir, and even Istanbul.

Things to Know Before You Go

• The Pamukkale pools and Hierapolis are a must-visit for history buffs.

• Wear shoes that are easy to slip on and off, as you will have to remove them when you enter the site.

• Bring a bathing suit if you want to swim in the pools.

• Some of the pools are knee-deep, so make sure to wear pants or skirts that can be rolled up so they won’t get wet.

How to Get There

The pools at Pamukkale are walking distance from the town of Pamukkale, but most visitors will likely be coming from another city. From nearby Denizli or other regional centers, buses travel to Pamukkale, and taxis are also available. Most day tours include transportation to and from the site.

When to Get There

Pamukkale is open year-round, 24 hours a day. Summer is the most popular time to visit, despite the thermal waters and the heat from the sun reflecting off the white limestone. During the Turkish holidays, Pamukkale can be crowded with locals. Arrive early in the morning to avoid the crowds during these times.

The Ruins at Hierapolis

The sprawling ancient city that overlooks the pools retains many recognizable structures. The Hellenistic-era settlement includes a large amphitheater, a monumental arch, thermal baths, a necropolis, and examples of early Christian structures. The theater is still used for performances. Though the site is protected, most structures are open to exploration.

Situated on the border of Europe and Asia, Istanbul is a city of two halves. While the European side is home to attractions such as the Blue Mosque and Dolmabahce Palace, the Asian side offers lively neighborhoods, a scenic waterfront, shopping, and more. Here are our top picks. 

Kadikoy

Ferries run directly to Kadikoy, and the lively neighborhood makes a good starting point for exploring Istanbul’s Asian side. Browse the stalls at the famous fish market or weekly Kadikoy market; take a ride on the nostalgic tram, which runs between Kadikoy and Moda; or eat at one of the many traditional cafes, bakeries, and Turkish restaurants. Guided tours explore various aspects of the area, including a food walking tour and a small-group highlights tour. 

Haydarpasa Railway Station

If your ferry docks at Kadikoy, you can’t miss the gigantic Haydarpasa railway station, which towers over the pier. Built between 1906 and 1908, the striking neoclassical building was a gift to the Ottoman Sultan from Kaiser Wilhelm II and was the starting point of the Istanbul-Baghdad and Istanbul-Damascus-Medina railway during the 20th century. Although it’s currently not used as a train terminal, it remains one of Istanbul’s most photographed landmarks. 

Bağdat Caddesi

Bağdat Caddesi (Bagdat Avenue) is the most famous street on the Asian side of Istanbul, running for almost four miles (6.4 kilometers) between the Bostanci and Kiziltoprak neighborhoods. The busiest section lies between the Suadiye and Erenkoy districts, and it’s renowned for its designer shops, department stores, and chic restaurants. 

Uskudar

The historic heart of Asian Istanbul, Uskudar began as a Greek colony in the 7th century BC. Heavily populated by Turks during the Ottoman Empire, it was one of the most prominent communities outside the city walls of Byzantine Constantinople. Traces of its past can be seen in its many beautiful mosques, fountains, waterside mansions and palaces, among them Beylerbeyi Palace, Mihrimah Sultan Mosque, and Beylerbeyi Mosque. 

The Maiden Tower

Taking a Bosphorus cruise along Istanbul’s scenic waterfront offers the best views of the picturesque Maiden's Tower (Kiz Kulesi), which guards the southern end of the Bosphorus strait. The tower dates back to Istanbul’s medieval Byzantine period and sits on a tiny islet just off the coast of Uskudar. Boats run to the Maiden Tower from Uskudar-Salacak, or from Ortakoy and Kabatas on the European side.

There are few sights as mesmerizing as Turkey’s inimitable whirling dervishes—troupes of performers from the Mevlevi order dressed in striking white robes, twirling in a meditative trance. Here’s where to see whirling dervish shows in Istanbul. 

What is a Whirling Dervish?

Whirling dervishes are followers of the Mevlevi order and the teachings of Sufi mystic Rumi. The whirling dervish ceremony—also known as a sema ceremony—is a spiritual practice that dates back to the 10th century. The whirling dance serves as a dhikr, a prayer or meditation carried out in devotion and worship of God. The ancient rituals are so integral to Turkey’s spiritual history that they’ve been inscribed on UNESCO’s Intangible Heritage of Humanity list.

Night Shows

Watching a performance of the whirling dervishes can be both a moving and entertaining experience for visitors to Istanbul. It’s possible to see whirling dervishes perform in a number of venues in Istanbul, including some bars and restaurants, but one of the best places to attend an authentic mevlevi sema ceremony is at the Hodjapasha Cultural Center, where the captivating choreography is accompanied by Persian chanting, live music, and 360-degree video special effects.

Dinner Cruises

For a taste of the Sufi whirling dervishes without attending a full show, opt for a scenic dinner cruise along the Bosphorus, with on-board entertainment. Admire the illuminated Istanbul skyline from the water as you glide along the Bosphorus Strait, tuck into delicious mezes and Turkish cuisine, and enjoy live entertainment including traditional Turkish dances and a whirling dance accompanied by traditional Sufi music.

Istanbul boasts four key historic areas on the UNESCO World Heritage List, owing largely to the city’s rich history as a major global crossroads for more than two millennia. See below for the four zones, and what not to miss in each.

Archaeological Park (Sultanahmet) Istanbul’s Archaeological Park area is home to the city’s most impressive historical buildings, including the 6th-century Hagia Sophia, Basilica Cistern, Blue Mosque, Hippodrome of Constantine, and grandiose Topkapi Palace. Make the most of your visit and learn about the sites’ interconnected history on a guided walking tour.   Suleymaniye Quarter This area houses prominent examples of 16th-century Ottoman architecture, including its star attraction—the Suleymaniye Mosque—as well as bazaars and other points of interest. Many city tours stop at the mosque, and guides can be helpful if you are unfamiliar with religious etiquette.   Zeyrek Quarter The highlight of this neighborhood is Zeyrek Mosque, standing on the site of the 12th-century Church of the Pantocrator. This example of Byzantine architecture has been undergoing renovations and may not be fully open to the public.   The Theodosian Land Walls (Walls of Constantinople) A series of defensive stone walls that once protected the Roman Empire’s capital city, the Theodosian land walls are located in northwestern Istanbul. This area once housed the Palace of Blachernae, though much of that Byzantine residence has been built over and only some portions of the original Theodosian walls remain. Other points of interest include the Church of the Holy Saviour in Chora, now a secular museum notable for its medieval frescoes and mosaics, and a popular stop on religious tours of the city. The area around the museum is also celebrated for its old wooden homes.

Three days in Cappadocia leaves enough time to visit the fairy chimneys, tour an underground city, and explore the villages, as well as taking a hike through the Ihlara Valley and experiencing local culture. Here’s how to get the most out of three days in one of Turkey’s most alluring destinations.

Day 1: Cappadocia’s Fairy-Tale Landscapes

Sculpted over millions of years of volcanic activity and erosion, the fairy-tale landscapes of Cappadocia are even more extraordinary when viewed from above. Start your Cappadocian vacation with an unforgettable hot-air-balloon flight over the valleys, and watch the sunrise as you float over the fairy chimneys.

Then dive into the “Red Route,” Cappadocia’s most popular sightseeing route and the ideal way to take in the highlights. Join a tour or explore independently on a hop-on hop-off bus to maximize your time. Must-visit sites en route include the Goreme Open-Air Museum (a UNESCO World Heritage Site), Uchisar Castle, and the cave village of Cavusin. Photo stops in Love Valley, Pigeon Valley, and Monk’s Valley provide the best views of the fairy chimneys.

Day 2: Ancient Wonders

Start your second day with a visit to one of Cappadocia’s underground cities; the most popular is Derinkuyu, but Kaymakli is a great choice to avoid the crowds. Used as hideouts by the early Christian communities during the Arab-Byzantine Wars, the vast subterranean complexes are full of remarkable design details—visit with a guide to ensure you don’t miss anything.

In the afternoon, a hike through the Ihlara Valley reveals even more of Cappadocia’s ancient wonders. The 2-mile (3-kilometer) hike winds through a scenic river canyon, dotted with early Christian cave churches, some of which date back to the fourth century. Be sure to organize pickup and transfers in advance, even if you plan to hike independently—the hike starts and ends at different locations.

In the evening, head to Goreme or Urgup for dinner at a cave restaurant (book a table in advance to avoid disappointment), or enjoy a traditional Turkish dinner show.

Day 3: Cultural Immersion

Despite its popularity with travelers, Cappadocia is still a great place to experience traditional Turkish life, and it’s worth taking a day to visit the rural villages and learn about local culture. Head to Avanos, a town known for its distinctive red-clay pottery, where you can watch pottery demonstrations, shop for handicrafts, or even have a go at pottery making. Another fun activity is to take a cooking class at a family home. As well as shopping for ingredients at the local market and sampling Turkish coffee at the local coffeehouse, you can learn to make tasty Turkish dishes such as bulgur soup, borek (stuffed pastries), and manti (Turkish ravioli). After a delicious home-cooked meal, end the day with wine tasting at one of Cappadocia’s wine caves.

As the gateway to the Turkish Riviera, Antalya offers much more than just beaches. It’s an ideal launchpad for exploring the ancient Pamphylian cities and cruising the Turquoise Coast, and three days gives you enough time to see it all. Here’s how to spend three days in Antalya.

Day 1: Sightseeing in the City

Antalya Old Town (Kaleici) encompasses cobbled streets and lively bazaars; a walking tour is the best way for first-time visitors to orient themselves. Most tours cover Hadrian’s Gate, which dates back to Roman times, as well as other historic monuments such as the old Clock Tower and the Fluted Minaret.

Spend the afternoon at Antalya Aquarium, which ranks as one of the largest aquarium complexes in the world—to save time and avoid transport hassles, pre-book tickets with round-trip transfers included. History buffs can admire the treasures of ancient Turkey at the Antalya Archeological Museum while beach lovers can head to the nearby Konyaalti Beach, where you can rent a kayak, enjoy swimming and snorkelling, or grab a cocktail at a beachside bar.

In the evening, head back into Kaleici, where bars, restaurants, and nightclubs host live music and entertainment into the early hours.

Day 2: Discover ancient Pamphylia

Dedicate your second dat to exploring the ancient Pamphylian cities around Antalya, hailed as some of the best-preserved in Turkey. Full-day tours cover the three most popular sites—the ancient city of Perge, which dates back to before 1500 BC; the ancient Greco-Roman city of Aspendos, with its remarkable 7,000-seat amphitheater; and the coastal resort of Side, famous for its ancient theater and seafront Temple of Apollo. Touring the cities with a guide provides important historical context, and day trips often include extras, such as a traditional gözleme (Turkish pancakes) lunch and a visit to the Manavgat waterfalls.

To end your the day with a bang, book tickets to the Fire of Anatolia show, held at the Gloria Aspendos Arena. The show features up to 120 dancers that perform traditional dances and music that derive from Anatolia; tickets typically include transfers from Antalya.

Day 3: Cruise the Mediterranean

Spend your final day at sea; half- and full-day cruises set sail daily from Antalya, and options vary from adventure tours on a traditional pirate ship to family-friendly catamaran cruises or luxury private yacht charters. For the best value, look for a cruise that includes a buffet lunch on-board and features plenty of stops to swim and snorkel along the coast.

Adventurous types can spend the day white-water rafting and ziplining in Koprulu Canyon, or go scuba diving along the Turquoise Coast, while families might prefer a day pass to Antalya’s most popular water park, Aqualand.

Back in Antalya, spend your final evening at a traditional Turkish restaurant on the harbor, where you can Tuck into a classic Turkish kebab, sample tasty mezes, or enjoy fresh seafood.

With three days in Istanbul, there’s time to check off all the must-see sights and to venture a little farther afield. Cruise along the Bosphorus, delve into Turkey’s ancient history, see magnificent monuments, savor the city’s delicious cuisine, shop at the bazaars, and experience local culture. Here’s how to maximize 72 hours in Istanbul.

Day 1: Mosques and Museums

Start day one getting your bearings, perhaps with a full-day guided tour for a comprehensive overview of the city or a private tour to take in the sights at your own pace. For independent travelers, a hop-on hop-off bus tour or Istanbul Sightseeing Pass is a great way to get around, offering the convenience of a guided tour while leaving you free to decide where to go and how to long to stay at each stop. 

No matter your method, begin today visiting Istanbul’s headline acts, including the Blue Mosque, Topkapi Palace, and Hagia Sophia (Aya Sofya). In the afternoon, hop over to the Asian side to explore the Kadikoy neighborhood, then set sail along the Bosphorus for a scenic dinner cruise.

Day 2: Sites of Ancient Turkey

Many of Turkey’s top attractions can be visited on a day trip from Istanbul either by bus or by plane. (Prepare for a long day as some tours can last up to 14 hours, and for the best value look for a tour that includes hotel pickup, entrance fees, and lunch.) Perhaps visit the UNESCO World Heritage–listed archaeological site of Troy and discover the legend of that ancient city, or tour the WWI battlefields at Gallipoli and follow in the footsteps of the Allied and Turkish troops. You can even fly out to central Anatolia to discover the ancient ruins of Ephesus, another UNESCO-recognized site, or marvel at the fairy chimneys on an epic day trip to Cappadocia. 

If you prefer to stay closer to home, you could also spend a full day cruising along the Bosphorus, stopping at the beach resorts and coastal towns along the Black Sea coast. 

Day 3: Bites and Bazaars

Spend your final morning in Istanbul shopping for souvenirs. Visit Taksim Square and stroll down the shopping street of Istiklal Avenue, then continue to the famous Grand Bazaar. Practice your haggling skills as you shop for everything from handicrafts to clothing to carpets, then head to the nearby Egyptian Spice Bazaar to marvel at the rainbow of spices, nuts, dried fruits, and lokum (Turkish Delight).

In the afternoon, set out on a mission to sample as much of Turkey’s delicious cuisine as you can. A food-tasting tour is a brilliant way to discover the many types of kebabs and mezes on offer, sample street-food specialties such as simit, and learn how to make traditional Turkish coffee. You could even opt to enjoy dinner in a local family home and experience the renowned Turkish hospitality for yourself.

From the world-famous Grand Bazaar to the lively street markets around Ortakoy, Taksim, and Besiktas, the markets of Istanbul offer a vibrant introduction to local life. There are some 200 markets held on both the Asian and European sides of Istanbul—here are some of the most popular. 

Grand Bazaar

One of the oldest and largest covered markets in the world, the Grand Bazaar (Kapali Carsi) first opened its doors in 1461, and remains one of the city’s most visited attractions. Located at the heart of Sultanahmet, it’s home to more than 3,000 shops specializing in leather goods, gold jewelry, silverware, antiques, copperware, and carpets, among innumerable other goods. This is one of the best markets to purchase handicrafts and souvenirs, but you’ll need to haggle to get a good price. Opt for a private or small-group walking tour for an insider’s look at the market.

Egyptian Spice Market

A short walk from the Grand Bazaar, the spice bazaar is a feast for the senses, with brightly colored spices and dried fruits piled high, and Turkish delight (lokum) in every flavor imaginable. Be sure to bring your camera. For an in-depth tour of the spice market, opt for a street food tour or take a combo tour that includes a visit with other area highlights.

Kadikoy Market

Many visitors crossing the Bosphorus to Istanbul’s Asian side head straight to Kadikoy, and the bustling neighborhood is best known for its traditional market. A smaller fresh produce market is held daily, but the main market takes place on Tuesday and Friday, when visitors can soak up the atmosphere and tuck into typical Turkish street food like tasty gozleme (stuffed flatbread). 

Carsamba Bazaar

One of the biggest Istanbul markets and a local favorite, the Carsamba Pazari (Wednesday market) in Fatih has thousands of stalls and vendors. A short walk from Fatih Mosque, the gigantic flea markets sprawl through the streets, selling everything from clothes and accessories, to electronics and household goods, as well as fruits, vegetables, and meats. Head here to bag a bargain and to get a more local experience.

With one day in Cappadocia, you’ll have just enough time to squeeze in the highlights of this popular Turkish destination. See the central villages of Ürgüp and Gӧreme, take a hot-air-balloon flight, explore the fairy-chimney valleys, and learn how to make Turkish cuisine. Here’s how to make the most of one day in Cappadocia.

Morning: Visit the Fairy Chimneys

Cappadocia’s fairy-tale landscapes are even more magnificent when viewed from above—it’s consistently voted one of the best places in the world to take a hot-air-balloon ride. Rise at dawn and watch the sunrise as you float over the mountains, valleys, and fairy chimneys. For the full experience, choose a tour that includes a Champagne breakfast when you land. With just one day to take in all the highlights, opt for a Red Route tour, which covers the northern villages and fairy-chimney valleys such as Love Valley, Pigeon Valley, and Monk’s Valley. Travelers who prefer to explore independently might opt for a hop-on-hop-off-bus tour instead.

Afternoon: Ancient Wonders of Cappadocia

A UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Gӧreme Open-Air Museum offers insight into Cappadocia’s early Christian settlements. A guide can provide historical context and help you navigate tricky passages in these ancient cave churches, homes, and stables carved into the cliffside. Other sights that lie along the Red Route include the long-abandoned cave village of Çavuşin and the village of Uçhisar, known for its gigantic fairy chimney “castle.” Time your arrival in Avanos village to watch the sunset over the Red River. Avanos is renowned for its distinctive, red-clay pottery, and many of the shops offer demonstrations or the chance to try your hand. If you want to pick up some traditional Cappadocian handicrafts, this is the place.

Night: Turkish Delights

Immerse yourself in local culture by taking a cooking class to learn the secrets behind tasty Turkish dishes such as bӧrek (stuffed pastries), creamy manti (dumplings), or sweet baklava. After mastering traditional cooking techniques, sit down to enjoy a homemade feast with your hosts. Alternatively, have dinner at one of Cappadocia’s atmospheric cave restaurants. Popular restaurants can fill up quickly in the summer months, so book a table in advance to avoid disappointment, and look for one that includes live entertainment such as belly dancing or Turkish folk music.

One of Turkey’s most popular coastal resorts and the gateway to the picturesque Bodrum Peninsula, Bodrum has a wealth of natural and historical sights right on its doorstep. Three days gives you plenty of time to lounge on the idyllic beaches and explore farther afield. Here’s how to spend three days in Bodrum.

Day 1: Sightseeing and Sunbathing

Take a guided city tour this morning to help you maximize your time. Learn about Bodrum’s ancient Greek history at the Bodrum amphitheater; visit the Myndos Gate to see the remains of the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world; then drive along the coast to see the Bodrum windmills. Visit the landmark Castle of St. Peter and its Museum of Underwater Archaeology, then enjoy lunch with a view of the ocean at the Palmarina. In the afternoon, head to Bodrum’s main beach, Kumbahce, to swim, take part in water sports such as kayaking, and enjoy sunset cocktails at a beachside bar. Stick around after dark to experience Bodrum’s legendary nightlife—the city’s most popular nightclubs are located along the beachfront.

Day 2: Explore the Bodrum Peninsula

Set sail on a catamaran or private yacht today, stopping to swim and snorkel at Aquarium Bay, ride a camel along Camel Beach, or discover the natural caves of Black Island. For the best value, opt for a full-day tour including lunch. Alternatively, take a day trip to a Greek island: to Rhodes, where you can visit the medieval town—a UNESCO World Heritage Site—and admire the magnificent Palace of the Grand Masters, or ride the hydrofoil to Kos to explore ancient ruins and beautiful beaches. Back in Bodrum, book a table at one of the city’s seafront restaurants and sample typical Turkish cuisine, or head out to the Karnas Vineyards for a romantic dinner and wine tasting.

Day 3: Experience Turkish Culture

On your last day, gain insight into traditional rural life on a Jeep safari or village tour of the Bodrum Peninsula. Visit the town of Turgutreis or the lively seaside resort of Gümüslük, where you can browse the local markets, sample typical Turkish foods and wines, or visit a local farm. In the afternoon, plan a fun activity such as a buggy ride or a horseback ride, and discover the wild landscapes on an off-road adventure. Families might opt to visit Dedeman Aquapark, which has thrilling slides, wave pools, and activities for all ages. Relax and unwind with a visit to a Turkish bath and top off your trip with a traditional hammam and foam massage. 

Every visitor to Istanbul should experience a traditional Turkish bath house at least once, as it’s an ideal way to relax and unwind after a busy day of sightseeing. Here’s what you need to know about Istanbul’s hammams, or hamams.

What is a Turkish Bath?

The Turkish Bath, or hammam, rose to prominence in the Ottoman Empire, and it remains a popular tradition—considered a social event as much as it is a spa treatment—to this day. A typical hamam features separate areas for men and women, with a steam room, washroom with heated marble slabs, and plunge pool. The standard treatment is a scrub and soap massage to slough off dead skin, but many baths offer extras such as oil massages, facemasks, and hair treatments.

Highlights

• Treat yourself to a full Turkish bath experience, including a sauna, foam bath, and body scrub, followed by a rejuvenating oil massage.

• Enjoy a luxurious hammam at the Cagaloglu Hamami, an 18th-century bath house, lavishly decorated with high-domed ceilings, white marble fountains, and tulip tiles.

• Marvel at the 16th-century Cemberlitas hamam, the masterwork of Ottoman architect Sinan.

• Choose an all-inclusive tour with hotel pickup and drop-off included.

Istanbul serves up a melting pot of cultures and cuisines, and food lovers will find a dish to tempt their every craving. Whether you want to discover traditional Turkish dishes, sample Anatolian specialties, or feast on street food snacks—here’s our pick of the best foods and food experiences in Istanbul.

Must-Try Dishes

It’s hard to visit Turkey without tucking into a kebab, and there are plenty of varieties from which to choose, including skewered shish kebabs, wrapped doner kebabs, and spicy Adana kebabs. Other regional specialties include kofte (meatballs), Anatolian dishes like manti (Turkish dumpling), pide (Turkish pizza), and karniyarik (stuffed eggplant).

While you’re waiting for your main course, tuck into an array of mezes or tapas-style appetizers, including dolma (stuffed vine leaves) and borek (savory pastry), or try street food favorites such as midye (mussels), gozleme (stuffed flatbread), simit (pretzel-like bread ring), and hamsi (anchovy). Finish it all off with an indulgent slice of baklava or Turkish tea, accompanied by a sugary fruit-flavored lokum (Turkish delight). 

Must-Do Experiences

• Enjoy an authentic introduction to Turkish cuisine with a 3-course home-cooked dinner at a local family home.

• Start the day with a traditional Turkish breakfast and sip a Turkish coffee during a food tasting walking tour of Kadıköy Market.

• Soak up the atmosphere of Istanbul by night on an evening food tour.

• Visit the Spice Bazaar, ride the ferry across the Bosphorus, and explore the Asian district of Üsküdar on a street food tour of Istanbul. 

• Take a private tour for an itinerary that suits your exact tastes.

As well as exploring the Old Town, three days in Fethiye give you plenty of time to cruise the Mediterranean, go hiking in the Saklıkent Gorge, and visit ancient Lycian tombs in Kaunos. Here’s how best to spend three days in Fethiye. 

Day 1: Fethiye and Oulendiz

Fethiye’s Old Town can easily be explored in a morning, which leaves you free to explore the surrounding sights in the afternoon. Discover the remains of ancient Telmessos at the amphitheater; learn more about the city’s history at the Fethiye Museum; and shop for traditional handicrafts and Turkish foods at Fethiye Market, which takes place every Tuesday.

Just south of the city, the small village of Oludeniz is home to a sandy beach that backs onto the Blue Lagoon. Join a stress-free tour to skip the hassle of organizing a rental car; most tours also include a stop at the ghost village of Karakoy, a Greek-Christian village that was abandoned in the 20th century.

Adrenaline junkies won’t be able to resist trying the region’s most daring pursuit—a tandem paragliding flight. Alternatively, watch the paragliders while enjoying a sunset drink at the mountaintop Zirve bar.

Day 2: Cruise the Mediterranean

A cruise around the Bay of Fethiye is a must for travelers in Fethiye for the first time. Cruises give you the chance to escape the crowds on land and most include lunch on board. Opt to sail to Butterfly Valley, a bay surrounded by rugged sea cliffs and so-called for its abundant butterflies, among them the rare tiger butterfly. Alternatively, island-hopping cruises visit up to 12 islands in one day and feature plenty of stops to swim and snorkel in the Mediterranean. If you’re an adventurous travelers, try scuba diving—the Turquoise Coast is home to some of the most popular dive sites in Turkey.

Back in Fethiye, head down to the waterfront where bars, restaurants, and nightclubs keep you entertained until the early hours. 

Day 3: Take a Day Trip

Fethiye is well-placed for exploring Turkey’s Turquoise Coast; day trip options include hiking in the Saklikent Gorge, visiting the coastal resorts of Kas and Kalkan, or catching the ferry to the Greek island of Rhodes.

For a tour that combines history, wildlife, and outdoor adventures, head to the Dalyan River for a river cruise or rafting excursion. Most Dalyan River tours include a visit to nearby Kaunos, famous for the ancient Lycian tombs that are carved into the high cliff-sides. Be sure to visit İztuzu Beach, a sandy spit located at the mouth of the Dalyan River, where you can spot loggerhead (caretta caretta) turtles in their natural environment.

So vast that it spans two continents, Istanbul is the meeting point of East and West, and every bit as diverse and cosmopolitan as you would imagine. With just one day to visit Turkey’s cultural capital, it’s best to stick to the highlights—of which there are many. Here are our suggestions for a memorable 24 hours in Istanbul.

Morning: Explore UNESCO-Listed Sights

Whether you choose to go at it alone on a hop-on hop-off bus, join a group walking tour, or hire a private guide, your sightseeing tour of Istanbul must begin in Sultanahmet. Istanbul’s historic center is full of UNESCO World Heritage–protected, must-see monuments. Step inside the magnificent Blue Mosque, so-called for the dazzling blue Iznik tiles that adorn its interiors. Walk through the ancient Hippodrome of Constantinople and its towering obelisk on the way to the stunning Hagia Sophia (Aya Sofya), then tour Topkapi Palace, the lavish former residence of the Ottoman sultans. Prebooking skip-the-line tickets is a good idea to save time.

Afternoon: Practice Your Haggling Skills

Istanbul’s Grand Bazaar is world famous and with more than 4,000 stores, you could easily spend the entire afternoon browsing. Head there in time to enjoy lunch from one of the street food vendors—a classic Turkish kebab or dolma (stuffed eggplant) are top picks—before putting your haggling skills to the test. Continue to the nearby Egyptian Spice Bazaar, where stalls are heaped with a rainbow of dried fruits, spices, and lokum (Turkish Delight) in every flavor imaginable. Then cross the Galata Bridge and climb to the top of the Galata Tower for stunning sunset views along the Golden Horn.

Night: Take a Cross-Continental Cruise

Istanbul is even more magical by night, and an evening sightseeing cruise along the Bosphorus affords a prime view as you glide between the city’s European and Asian shores. Opt for a dinner cruise and feast on a 3-course meal of Turkish cuisine with traditional belly dancing entertainment as you float along the water. Along the way, spot landmarks including the Dolmabahce Palace and Ciragan Palace on the European shore, and Beylerbeyi Palace, Maiden’s Palace, and Anadolu Fortress on the Asian side.

In 1915 Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) troops stormed a quiet Aegean beach to battle Turkish soldiers on the Gallipoli Peninsula. Today, memorials and cemeteries mark the fight and honor those who lost their lives. Here’s how to explore World War I history on Gallipoli tours from Istanbul.

Full-Day Tours

On a full-day tour from Istanbul to Gallipoli, take in key sites of interest including ANZAC Cove, the Ari Burnu cemetery, the Nek, and the battle sites of Chunuk Bair and Lone Pine. Explore Turkey’s Gallipoli Peninsula, see the scars left from WWI, and perhaps pay tribute to the ANZAC and Turkish troops who laid down their lives in battle. Along the way, gain insight into the history behind the Battle of Gallipoli—otherwise known as the Battle of Canakkale.

Alternatively, there are full-day tours from Istanbul that take in the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Troy—a city once almost forgotten in the sands of time. It was here, in the 12th-century days of classical antiquity, that the Trojans and the Greeks clashed in the Trojan War.

Multi-Day Tours

It’s about a 4-hour drive from Istanbul to Gallipoli, so Gallipoli day trips can make for long excursions. If you have more time at your disposal, multi-day tours offer more time on the Gallipoli Peninsula and take in other historic locales such as Ankara, Ephesus, Pamukkale, Pergamon, and Troy. Explore the infamous battlegrounds where Turkish troops stood off against the ANZAC, and admire the memorials at Brighton Beach and Chunuk Bair.

Things to Know

• The drive from Istanbul to Gallipoli, about 165 miles (266 kilometers), takes a little under four hours. 

• Full-day tours from Istanbul to Gallipoli last between 14 and 18 hours. Multi-day tours range from two to seven days.

• Full-day tours usually include a guide, hotel or port pickup and drop-off, transportation by air-conditioned vehicle, entrance fees, and lunch.

• Multi-day tours typically include the same as day tours, plus accommodation in 4- or 5-star hotels and meals as per each tour’s itinerary.

Modern Izmir is Turkey's third-largest city and, at first sight, may seem a little disorientating and unlovable. Scratch the surface, however, and you'll uncover Izmir's ancient gems: the ruins of Alexander the Great's Castle, remains of the ancient agora (bazaar) and, just outside the city, archeological sites that, in Greek and Roman times, ranked among the world's greatest cities.

Day 1: Izmir Sights Wander through the wonderfully conserved ancient agora, once a bustling Roman bazaar. From here, visit Alexander the Great's Kadifekale castle, which overlooks the agora from atop a hill and has views over the entire city. Put it all together on a visit to the neighboring Archaeological and Ethnographic museums to see the best preserved antiquities from the region's ancient cities.

Day 2: Ancient Ruins Just 50 miles (80 km) from Izmir lie the ruins of one of the world's greatest cities: the ancient Greek city of Ephesus. Classified as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, Ephesus' incredible ruins include the Temple of Artemis, the Library of Celsus, the Theater, the Cave of the Seven Sleepers, Church of Mary, House of the Virgin, and the Temple of Hadrian. It only takes just a small amount of imagination to help you imagine what life was like for ancient Greeks and Romans.

Day 3: Thermal Pools Spectacular Pamukkale is another must-see site for visitors to Izmir. These incredible, limestone cascades are created by a natural build-up of calcium carbonate, which make the cliffs look like they've been covered in icing! You can no longer take a dip in the pools at Pamukkale but, visit the neighboring ancient city of Hierapolis, and you can swim in the thermally heated Sacred Pool among the remains of ancient Roman columns.

Situated on Turkey’s idyllic Turquoise Coast, Antalya boasts beautiful beaches, historic monuments, and plenty of day trip options. Two days gives you enough time to take in all of the highlights, but planning ahead is essential to maximize your time. Here’s how to spend two days in Antalya.

Day 1: Sun, sea, and sightseeing

Morning: Explore Antalya Old Town (Kaleiçi) on a walking tour, which reveals the history behind Hadrian’s Gate, the Old Clock Tower, and Mehmet Paşa mosque. Follow the cobbled lanes down to the waterfront to browse the many shops and admire the yacht-filled marina.

Afternoon: Spend the afternoon at Konyaalti Beach, where you can swim and enjoy water sports, or relax and work on your tan. Combine your visit with nearby sights such as the Antalya Archeological Museum or the family-friendly Antalya Aquarium; skip-the-line admission tickets allow you to save time on the day.

Night: Set sail along the coast on a romantic sunset cruise or join a party cruise aboard a pirate ship. Stop along the way to swim and snorkel in the Mediterranean Sea or visit natural wonders such as the Duden Waterfalls.

Day 2: Explore ancient Pamphylia

Morning: Popular day trip options from Antalya include rafting through Koprulu Canyon and cruising the Mediterranean Sea, but if you’ve only got one day to spare, focus on the ancient cities along the coast. The Pamphylian city of Perge is one of Turkey’s best preserved, while the Roman theater of Aspendos dates back to AD 200.

Afternoon: Spend the afternoon in nearby Side, where the ruins of an ancient city are dotted throughout the resort. Pose for photos by the seafront Temple of Apollo, enjoy a traditional gözleme (Turkish pancake) at a local restaurant, and then head to the beach for a swim.

Night: Enjoy an unforgettable night of entertainment at the Fire of Anatolia show, held at the Gloria Aspendos Arena. Nicknamed the Turkish Riverdance, the show features live music and up to 120 dancers; book in advance to secure one of the best seats.

Two days in Istanbul let you explore beyond the must-see attractions and discover the city’s European and Asian sides. Split your time between continents, experiencing the UNESCO World Heritage highlights in and near Sultanahmet, and then spend day two navigating the sights and tastes on the eastern side of the Bosphorus. Here’s how to do Istanbul in 48 hours.

Day 1: Sightsee in the City

Morning: Maximize your time with an early morning tour of Topkapi Palace and take a peek at the lavish former residence of the Ottoman’s sultans, including the Harem Apartments. Stop to take photos of Sultanahmet Square, the former Hippodrome of Constantinople, before visiting two more of Istanbul’s architectural highlights—Hagia Sophia (Aya Sofya) and the Blue Mosque.

Afternoon: Browse the stalls at the gigantic Grand Bazaar, where you’ll find everything from handicrafts to clothing to carpets—be sure to haggle if you want a bargain. Continue to the Egyptian Spice Bazaar, where the colorful spices make for stunning photographs and you can taste lokum (Turkish Delight) in every flavor imaginable.

Night: Stroll over the Galata Bridge at sunset to watch the local fishermen casting their lines along the Golden Horn—another great photo opportunity. Galata is an atmospheric spot for dinner and drinks, but for evening entertainment, you could also attend a Whirling Dervish performance or a traditional belly dancing show.

Day 2: Journey to Asia

Morning: Ride the ferry across the Bosphorus to Kadikoy on Istanbul’s Asian side and spend the morning exploring the neighborhood. Ride the historic tram and visit the famous fish market, then continue north into Uskudar to admire landmarks including Beylerbeyi Palace, Mihrimah Sultan Mosque, and Beylerbeyi Mosque.

Afternoon: Set sail on a scenic cruise along the Bosphorus and admire views of both sides of the city. Keep your camera handy as you pass landmarks including the Bosphorus Bridge, Dolmabahce Palace and Ciragan Palace on the European shore, and Beylerbeyi Palace, Maiden’s Palace, and Anadolu Fortress on the Asian side.

Night: This is your last chance to sample Istanbul’s delicious cuisine, so spend your final evening on a Turkish food tour. Relish tasty street-food favorites like simit bagels, tuck into freshly grilled kebabs, and indulge in sweet baklava accompanied by a glass of traditional raki and a classic Turkish coffee.

The curious landscapes of Turkey’s Cappadocia region resulted from thousands of years of volcanic activity, erosion, and human input, which helped shape tuff, a porous rock formed by volcanic debris, into unexpected forms. From formations forged by nature to man-made rock structures, here’s where to find Cappadocia’s top rock formations.

Devrent Valley (Imagination Valley)

Devrent Valley is known for its lunar-like landscapes and sculptural rock formations, many of which, despite being the work of nature, appear as though they were shaped by human hands. Look out for fairy chimneys (tall spires of rock topped by a larger, harder piece of rock) and formations that—if you tilt your head at the right angle—resemble animals, including camels and seals.

Göreme Open-Air Museum

A must-see site in Cappadocia, Göreme Open-Air Museum is home to a collection of rock-carved churches, chapels, and monasteries created by Byzantine monks. The highlight of the site is Karanlik Kilise, a rock church filled with well-preserved religious frescoes.

Underground Cities

While most of Cappadocia’s rock formations are visible above ground, there are also some spectacular subterranean sites. The underground cities of Derinkuyu and Kaymakli feature a network of underground tunnels and rooms carved directly into the volcanic rock.

Ihlara Valley

A popular hiking spot in the region, the Ihlara Valley is known for its 8.6-mile (14-kilometer) gorge, which plumb depths of up to 328 feet (100 meters). The red-rock walls of the gorge are steep and sheer in parts, and man-made cave churches are peppered throughout the valley.

Three Graces

Also known as the Three Beauties, this trio of fairy chimneys in Ürgüp is one of the most-photographed formations in the region. According to local legend, the stones represent a princess, her shepherd husband, and their child, all of whom were turned to stone—according to the princess’ wishes—after her father, the king, ordered they be killed.

Love Valley

The euphemistically named Love Valley is the butt of many jokes, thanks to its cluster of phallic-shaped pillar formations. Formed by the gradual erosion of the soft volcanic rock, some of these pillars reach heights of up to 130 feet (40 meters).

Whether you’re a cruise passenger with just one day in port or starting your tour of Turkey’s Turquoise Coast, there’s plenty to see and do in Antalya. If you’ve only got one day, advance planning is essential, in order to cover more sights in less time. Here’s how to see the best of Antalya in one day.

Morning: Explore the Old Town

A guided walking tour or bike tour of Antalya’s atmospheric Antalya Old Town (Kaleiçi) is a great way to kickstart your time in the city. Express tours, which are designed with time-pressed travelers in mind, tend to stop at Hadrian’s Gate, which dates back to Roman times; the 18th-century Mehmet Paşa mosque; the old Clock Tower; and the Selçuk-era Fluted Minaret.

Then, take a stroll through the old bazaar for a glimpse into local life in Turkey and admire the colourful boats fill Antalya Marina. For lunch, head to one of the many restaurants looking down over the marina, where you can sample the local seafood or tuck into a traditional Turkish kebab with a view across the Mediterranean. 

Afternoon: Hit the Beach

Hailed as Antalya’s best beach, Konyaalti Beach stretches for several miles and has calm waters that are ideal for swimming and water sports; to get there, hop on the tram or grab a taxi from Kaleici. Avoid hitting the sands during the hottest part of the day and opt instead to explore nearby attractions such as Antalya Archeological Museum, which houses artefacts from the archeological sites of Perge and Termessos, and Antalya Aquarium, which is one of the largest in Turkey. For the best value, look out for Antalya city tours that include aquarium admission tickets tickets, or opt for a package that includes convenient round-trip transfers to avoid an expensive taxi ride. 

Evening: Party along the Mediterranean

No visit to Antalya is complete without taking a cruise on the Mediterranean Sea. You can choose from a variety of  options, which include a romantic sunset cruise, a family-friendly sail on a pirate boat, or a party cruise with an open bar. Most cruises stop at scenic spots such as the Duden Waterfalls and give you time to swim and snorkel in the Mediterranean Sea. 

Another popular evening option—if your visit coincides with one of the twice weekly performances— is attending a Fire of Anatolia show at the Gloria Aspendos Arena, a dramatic performance that showcases Turkish music and dance.

Complete with a sunny Mediterranean climate, shimmering turquoise waters, and a dramatic backdrop of forested mountains, Marmaris is tailor-made for a beach vacation—whether you want to sip cocktails at a beach bar, cruise around the bay, or try adrenaline-fueled water sports. Here are some of the best beaches in Marmaris.

Long Beach

Marmaris’ most popular beach is Long Beach (Uzunyali), and with golden sands, clear waters, and striking views across the bay, it’s a great choice. A short stroll from many Marmaris hotels and home to the huge Atlantis Water Park, visitors to Long Beach can enjoy water sports like windsurfing, Jet Skiing, wakeboarding, and parasailing, while the seafront promenade is lined with bars, restaurants, and nightclubs.

Icmeler Beach

Just south of Marmaris, Icmeler Beach is less crowded than the main beach, but just as lively, fronted by resort hotels, beach bars, and seafood restaurants. As well as calm waters ideal for swimming, there are opportunities for scuba diving, water skiing, and banana boat rides, as well as outdoor activities like hiking, horseback riding, and quad biking in the surrounding forest. 

Iztuzu Beach

A boat trip along the Dalyan Delta makes a popular day tour from Marmaris and one of the highlights is a stop at Iztuzu Beach (Turtle Beach). A slim sandy beach stretching between the waters of the Dalyan River and the Mediterranean Sea, Iztuzu is a protected environmental area known for its population of rare loggerhead turtles (caretta caretta).

Cleopatra Island

Boat tours around Marmaris Bay and the Adakoy peninsula stop at many of the hidden beaches and secluded coves along the coast, but none are as enchanting as Cleopatra Island (Sedir Island). The island’s pure white, silky-soft sands are made from naturally ground seashells, although legend has it that Marc Anthony had it shipped in from Egypt to impress Cleopatra. 

Turunc Beach

The next beach down from Icmeler, the Blue Flag beach of Turunc is easily accessible from Marmaris and offers miles of pristine sand, calm waters for swimming, and activities to suit the whole family.

Izmir has worn numerous guises throughout its millennia of history. Founded by the Greeks, ruled by the Romans, captured by the Ottomans, and today a part of Turkey, the city was known as Smyrna until the 20th century. Izmir hosts numerous ancient landmarks and is well placed for exploring other regional archaeological sites. Here are your top options for archaeological sites in and around Izmir.

Kadifekale

Also known as the Velvet Castle, the hilltop Kadifekale was built in the 4th century BC, during the reign of Alexander the Great. While largely in ruins today, the castle offers a glimpse into Izmir’s past, as well as sweeping views over the city.

Agora

Izmir’s ancient marketplace, rebuilt under Marcus Aurelius following a devastating earthquake, provides an evocative vision of the city’s past. With its colonnades, vaulted halls, and gateway, this open-air museum offers plenty to admire.

Izmir Archaeological Museum

Founded nearly a century ago, the Izmir Archaeological Museum showcases a host of treasures that date back to antiquity, recovered from various excavations in the region. Collection highlights include ancient Greco-Roman statues, utensils, and tools, as well as an array of Bronze Age artifacts.

Sardis

Once the capital of the ancient kingdom of Lydia, Sardis still possesses an air of grandeur today. Just over an hour’s drive from Izmir, the archaeological site is a major regional highlight. Be sure to see the ruins of its decorative synagogue, as well as the Temple of Artemis and the Marble Court of Sardis.

Ephesus

Roughly an hour’s journey from central Izmir, the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Ephesus is one of Turkey’s most important ancient landmarks and among Asia’s most complete ancient cities. While it remains only partially excavated, there’s still an enormous amount to see. Spend a full day discovering the Great Theatre, Terrace Houses, the Library of Celsus, the Temple of Hadrian, and more.

Pergamon and Asklepion

Cited in the Book of Revelation and once the capital of the Kingdom of Pergamon, the ancient healing center of Asklepion now exists in the form of exceptional ruins and monuments. Travel roughly two hours north of Izmir to explore this UNESCO World Heritage Site further, and be sure to visit the Roman theater, library, and Temple of Asklepios.

Three days in Alanya means you can explore the city’s signature sights, relax on the beach, and head out of town for the day to cruise Turkey’s Turquoise Coast or visit nearby ancient Roman ruins. From medieval castles to luxury cruises, here’s how to get the most out of three days in Alanya.

Day 1: City Sights and Ocean Views

Mountaintop Alanya Castle is the obvious starting point for a city tour. Ride the Alanya Teleferik cable car up to the top first thing to enjoy magnificent views along the coast—book your tickets in advance to avoid waiting in line. A popular choice is to hike back down, following one of two routes, either to the Red Tower and Alanya harbor or to the Damlatas Caves and Kleopatra Beach. Continue to the local bazaar where you can browse the stalls for souvenirs and sample typical Turkish foods such as borek (stuffed pastries) or sweet baklava. At night, take in the Turkish cultural performance Fire of Anatolia, nicknamed the “Turkish Riverdance.” Featuring live music and dance, the show is popular, and advance bookings are essential—choose a tour that includes hotel pickup and transfers for the ultimate in convenience.

Day 2: Experience the Mediterranean

Set sail today on one of the myriad daily cruises from Alanya, from a pirate ship cruise or a fishing and snorkeling trip to a private yacht charter. A typical cruise visits natural landmarks along the coast such as the Pirates, Lovers, and Phosphorus caves. Along the way, stop to swim and snorkel in the Mediterranean Sea and enjoy lunch onboard. Back in Alanya, head to Kleopatra Beach to enjoy the last of the sunshine. The beach is a popular spot for water sports such as Jet Skiing, stand-up paddleboarding, and paragliding. In the evening, head to the harbor, where bars, restaurants, and nightclubs host live music and entertainment into the early hours.

Day 3: Take a Day Trip

Spend your last day exploring the Turquoise Coast. Thrill seekers can venture off-road in the Taurus Mountains on a Jeep safari, ride quad bikes along mountain trails, or enjoy adrenaline-fueled activities such as white-water rafting and buggy excursions. History buffs have lots of options. Visit the seaside resort of Side, built around the remains of a Roman city, including the dramatic clifftop Temple of Apollo. Nearby, the magnificently preserved Roman amphitheater of Aspendos is one of the region’s must-sees, while the highlight of a trip to the ancient Lycian cities of Myra and Kekova is a glass-bottom boat cruise over the latter’s sunken ruins.